The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be “reasonable and just,” but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.

Supreme Court of the United States The Court held that Illinois had violated the Commerce Clause by placing a direct burden on interstate commerce. Under the Commerce Clause only Congress had the power to do so and states could only place indirect burdens on commerce.

Lopez, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on April 26, 1995, ruled (5–4) that the federal Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was unconstitutional because the U.S. Congress, in enacting the legislation, had exceeded its authority under the commerce clause of the Constitution.

How and why did the federal government attempt to regulate interstate commerce in the late nineteenth century? Due to pressure by the American people to regulate corrupt businesses and monopolies congress passed several acts that limited particular industries, however these acts had little practical effect.

Railroad rebates were special low rates that a railroad carrier charged its favored customers. The intent of a carrier in granting a rebate was usually to discriminate in favor of a particular shipper by giving him a secret rate that was less than that charged his competitors.

The Granger Laws were a series of laws passed in several midwestern states of the United States, namely Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois, in the late 1860s and early 1870s. The Granger Laws were promoted primarily by a group of farmers known as The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry.

Railroads charged unfair (high) prices to ship things a short distance from small towns to the cities because they operated in small towns without competition (most small towns only provided enough traffic that a single railroad company could provide).

The first such group to appear was The Grange or Patrons of Husbandry, founded in the 1860s to address farmers’ grievances against the railroads and desire for greater cooperation in business matters. The agrarian-dominated Greenback Party followed in the 1870s.

The cost to combine rail and truck using a bulk transfer terminal is approximately $95.54 per net ton. By comparison, rail direct is $70.27 per net ton, and over-the-road truck is $214.96 per net ton. Using multi-modal rail and truck transit compared to truck alone, you can cut transportation costs by more than half.

Rule 11 shipments are multi-leg, multi-carrier rail buy shipments in which the carriers bill independently for their charges and only the first leg is tendered (as if the shipment was moving on a through rate).

Restricted Speed. A speed that will permit stopping within one-half the range of vision. It will also permit stopping short of a train, a car, an obstruction, a stop signal, a derail, or an improperly lined switch. It must permit looking out for broken rail. It will not exceed 15 mph.

Restricted speed means a speed that will permit a train or other equipment to stop within one-half the range of vision of the person operating the train or other equipment, but not exceeding 20 miles per hour, unless further restricted by the operating rules of the railroad.

A waybill is a receipt created by the railroad companies of every carload of freight that travels on rails. In addition to origin, destination and commodity information, waybills also carry dozens of details about each shipment, things like: freight revenue. type of train car.

Railroad yards have many tracks in parallel for keeping rolling stock or unused locomotives stored off the mainline, so that they do not obstruct the flow of traffic. Main-line yards are often composed of an up yard and a down yard, linked to the associated railroad direction.

A Sea Waybill is evidence of a contract of carriage and receipt of the goods being transported; whereas a Bill of Lading acts as the contract of carriage and receipt of the goods, while also serving as a document of title affording ownership.

Waybill data are also used by transportation practitioners, consultants, and law firms in preparing verified statements to be submitted in formal proceedings before the Board or other public agencies.

A waybill (UIC) is a document issued by a carrier giving details and instructions relating to the shipment of a consignment of goods. A waybill is similar to a courier’s receipt, which contains the details of the consignor and the consignee and the point of origin and the destination.

No original bills of lading are issued when a sea waybill is used. The carrier’s responsibility is to deliver the cargo to the named receiver. Sometimes referred to as “consignment notes” and do not act as a title document; the sea waybill can only be issued with the shipper’s written consent.

A bill of lading must be transferable, and serves three main functions: it is a conclusive receipt, i.e. an acknowledgement that the goods have been loaded; and. it contains or evidences the terms of the contract of carriage; and. it serves as a document of title to the goods, subject to the nemo dat rule.

Bill of Lading Issued as a Document of Title A bill of lading facilitates the transfer of ownership of the goods. This is the main reason why there is more than 1 copy of an original bill of lading issued, where the exporter holds an original copy and the importer holds another original copy as well.

An original bill of lading (OBL) is a contract of carriage that serves as a title of the cargo and confirms the carrier’s receipt of the cargo. Bills of lading are an agreement between you and your supplier, so discuss your preferred bill of lading and your release method with your supplier.

In order for the consignee or the receiver to gain the release of the shipment upon reaching the destination, at least one of the original bills must be signed by the importer or their agent. This document must be surrendered to the carrier.