He was excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire, because the properly constituted military authorities feared an invasion of our West Coast and felt constrained to take proper security measures, because they decided that the military urgency of the situation demanded that all citizens of Japanese …

United States, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court, on December 18, 1944, upheld (6–3) the conviction of Fred Korematsu—a son of Japanese immigrants who was born in Oakland, California—for having violated an exclusion order requiring him to submit to forced relocation during World War II.

the Fifth Amendment

The act was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan.

Approved August 10, 1988, H.R. 442, or “An Act to implement recommendations of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians” awarded restitution payments of $20,000 to Japanese-American survivors of World War II civilian internment camps.

In 1988 Congress passed the Civil Liberties Act, which stated that a “grave injustice” had been done to Japanese American citizens and resident aliens during World War II. It also established a fund that paid some /$1.6 billion in reparations to formerly interned Japanese Americans or their heirs.

It became effective on 8 August 1988, ending all combat operations between the two countries and the Iran–Iraq War. Khomeini had been quoted about his opinion on the ceasefire where he stated.

Held behind barbed wire and watched by armed guards, many Japanese Americans lost their homes and possessions. Congress passed laws enforcing the order with almost no debate, and the Supreme Court affirmed these actions. Forty-six years later, President Ronald Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988.

Forced into internment camps, Japanese Americans were deprived of their constitutional rights, freedoms, and dignity. While nothing can ever undo these injustices, the signing of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 marked a major victory in providing redress to those interned during the war.