It outlined and defined the ideals and objectives of the constitution which are as follows: (i) India was declared as Independent Sovereign Republic. (ii) It assured justice, equality, liberty and fraternity to all its citizens. (iii) It provided adequate safeguards to minorities.

(i) The Constitution does not reflect the views of its members alone, it expresses a board consensus of its time. The makers of our constitution comprised illustrious personalities, belonging to different communities, regions and political parties of India.

The Constitution does not reflect the views of its members alone. It expresses a board consensus of its time. The second reason for accepting the constitution is that the constituent assembly represented the people of India. There was no Universal adult franchise at that time.

A Constitution is necessary because of the following reasons: It is an important law of the land. It determines the relationship of the citizens with the governments. It lays down principles and guidelines which are required for people belonging to different ethnic and religious groups to live in harmony.

Some reasons for accepting the same Constitution till today are: The Constitution does not reflect the views of its members alone. It expresses a broad consensus of its time. The Constituent Assembly represented the people of India.

There was no universal adult franchise at that time. So, the Constituent Assembly could not have been chosen directly by all the people of India. It was elected mainly by the members of existing Provincial Legislatures. This ensured a fair geographical share of members from all the regions of the country.

Every document presented and every word spoken in the Constituent Assembly has been recorded and preserved. These are called ‘Constituent Assembly Debates’. These debates provide the rationale behind every provision of the Constitution. These are used to interpret the meaning of the Constitution.

The Constituent Assembly Debates (CADs) are a record of the debates and proceedings in the Constituent Assembly of India which sat for 165 days from December 9, 1946 to January 24, 1950. Powerful Search Engine that can precisely locate debates based on user queries.

Answer: Every document presented and every word spoken in the Constituent Assembly has been recorded and preserved. These are called ‘Constituent Assembly Debates’. These debates provide the rationale behind every provision of the Constitution.

ADVERTISEMENTS: The guiding values of the Indian Constitution may be summarized as comprising equality, freedom, secularism, socialism and internationalism.

Apartheid refers to the official policy of racial separation and ill-treatment of blacks followed by the white government of South Africa between 1948 and 1989. This practice of racial discrimination remained for the longest period in South Africa.

Apartheid is a system of racial discrimination unique to South Africa imposed by the white Europeans. The system of apartheid divided the people and labelled them on the basis of their skin colour.

Apartheid was a political and social system in South Africa during the era of White minority rule. It enforced racial discrimination against non-Whites, mainly focused on skin colour and facial features.

Apartheid, (Afrikaans: “apartness”) policy that governed relations between South Africa’s white minority and nonwhite majority and sanctioned racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against nonwhites. …

Answer: Apartheid – It was the name given to the system of racial discrimination that was practised in South Africa. The blacks were not given the same rights as the white and were often ill-treated. The blacks were forced to do menial work while all the good opportunities were given to the white population.

The apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of negotiations between 1990 and 1993 and through unilateral steps by the de Klerk government. The negotiations resulted in South Africa’s first non-racial election, which was won by the African National Congress.

South African Judge Richard Goldstone, writing in The New York Times in October 2011, said that while there exists a degree of separation between Israeli Jews and Arabs, “in Israel, there is no apartheid. Nothing there comes close to the definition of apartheid under the 1998 Rome Statute”.

Apartheid was a system of legal racial segregation enforced by the South African National Party government between 1948 and 1994. Policies like these also limited the political influence of black South Africans by depriving them of the right to vote or to protest unfair labor practices.

Strategists in the National Party invented apartheid as a means to cement their control over the economic and social system. Initially, aim of the apartheid was to maintain white domination while extending racial separation. Racial discrimination was institutionalized with the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948.