The importance of the Stroop effect is that it appears to cast light into the essential operations of cognition, thereby offering clues to fundamental cognitive processes and their neuro-cognitive architecture. Stroop effect is also utilized to investigate various psychiatric and neurological disorders.

In psychology, the Stroop effect is the delay in reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli. The effect has been used to create a psychological test (the Stroop test) that is widely used in clinical practice and investigation.

In particular, the evidence suggests that lateral prefrontal regions work to bias processing toward the task-relevant dimension of a Stroop stimulus (e.g., its color) and away from the task-irrelevant dimension (e.g., the meaning of the word).

The First Stroop Experiment. The Stroop effect was first published back in 1935 by American psychologist John Ridley Stroop, although discoveries of this phenomenon date back to the nineteenth century (Stroop, 1935).

The interference between the different information (what the words say and the color of the words) your brain receives causes a problem. There are two theories that may explain the Stroop effect: Speed of Processing Theory: the interference occurs because words are read faster than colors are named.

The Stroop can be used on both children and adults (Grade 2 through adult), and testing can be done in approximately 5 minutes. Word, color, and color-word T-Scores of 40 or less are considered “low.” Word, color, and color-word T-Scores above 40 or are considered “normal.”

DISCUSSION. Experiment 1 provides evidence that older adults exhibit greater Stroop color-word interference than younger adults.

There appeared to be an affect of age on the performance of the Stroop Effect. The youngest group clearly had more difficulty naming the color when mismatched, even when taking their overall rate of reading into account. They also made more mistakes and demonstrated more frustration and uneasiness with the task.

No significant interaction between gender and Stroop task type was found. These results suggest that the female advantage on the Stroop task is not due to women expressing superior inhibition abilities compared to men. Instead, it is likely that women possess better verbal abilities and can name the ink colours faster.

The results showed a significant decrease in interference over practice trials. Similarly, Ellis and Dulaney (1991) instructed normal adults to read Stroop words, followed by practice in colour naming with Stroop words, then reading Stroop words. The results demonstrated reduced Stroop interference after practice.

The Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) is a neuropsychological test extensively used to assess the ability to inhibit cognitive interference that occurs when the processing of a specific stimulus feature impedes the simultaneous processing of a second stimulus attribute, well-known as the Stroop Effect.

Let D(F,G)(p) be the size of the interference effect, as measured by the difference of the RTs between conditions at the pth quantile (i.e., D(F,G)(p) = F− 1(p) − G− 1(p)).

What strategy could one use to overcome the Stroop Effect observed in this demonstration? One would have to use a strategy that would prevent automatically reading the color words. For example, a participant could focus on one part of one letter of each word presented.

Mental rotation has been studied to try to figure out how the mind recognizes objects in their environment. Researchers generally call such objects stimuli. Mental rotation is one cognitive function for the person to figure out what the altered object is.

What types of effects would you predict if a subject were given extensive training in a Stroop task before being tested? I would predict that the congruent trials and the incongruent trials would be very similar over time because they have been practiced and exposed.

a. Shepard and Metzler’s findings suggest that mental images were similar to real images because when subjects were presented with two similar but rotated images it took longer for the subjects to determine of the images were the same due to the increasing difference of the angle.

Attention plays a remarkable role in the brain. When you pay close attention to something, your brain actually releases more acetylcholine and other chemicals. These chemicals boost your brain’s ability to learn and remember by amplifying the signals that are sent from one brain cell to another.

The Stroop effect occurred in both age groups, with longer reaction times in the older group than in the young group for both types of stimuli, but no difference in the number of errors made by either group.

Answer: Because it leaves the human brain in a conflicting situation, facing two different stimuli. Explanation: The Stroop effect is a demonstration of the phenomenon that the reaction time of the brain decreases when it has to deal with conflicting information.

The Stroop test is sensitive to the cognitive decline associated with normal aging, as demonstrated by the fact that the behavioral response to congruent and to incongruent stimuli is slower, and the Stroop effect is larger in older people than in young people (see MacLeod, 1991; Van der Elst et al., 2006; Peña- …