Research evidence is very important to the development of criminal justice decision-making. Through well-designed and implemented research, we can better explore the impact of policies, programs, and daily practices; we can “see if they work,” for example if they reduce crime.

These research methods include: survey research, experimental and quasi-experimental research, cross-sectional research, longitudinal research, time series research, and meta-analysis.

Some information that we might gain includes learning about the mind of a criminal and how to prevent someone from committing the acts that they do, past crimes and trends and how to reduce these crimes from occurring, and finally we can learn about the different types of crime in our areas.

Criminological research pertains to scientific studies done in relation to topics on criminality, such as its causes or behaviors; this research is a…

Crime, the intentional commission of an act usually deemed socially harmful or dangerous and specifically defined, prohibited, and punishable under criminal law.

While the central focus of criminology is to examine the causes and consequences of crime and criminal behavior, contemporary criminology also contains a number of other subareas of inquiry.

The goal of criminology is to determine the root causes of criminal behavior and to develop effective and humane means for addressing and preventing it. Criminology is related to but not identical to the field of criminal justice.

Moreover, genetic factors are likely to be as- sociated with other behavioral characteristics that are correlated with criminal behavior, such as impulsivity and sensation-seeking be- haviors. Genes alone do not cause individuals to be- come criminal.

Considering that criminality is subjective, context-based and cannot be specifically defined universally, criminality is not known as an inheritable trait that can be inheritable. There are no specific genes that have been identified yet that can cause an individual to commit universal crimes.

A follow-up study was published by Arthur H. Estabrook noted that Dugdale’s conclusions were that the 1877 study “does not demonstrate the inheritance of criminality, pauperism, or harlotry, but it does show that heredity with certain environmental conditions determines criminality, harlotry, and pauperism”.

Henry Herbert Goddard

Supposedly an extended case study of Goddard’s for the inheritance of “feeble-mindedness”, a general category referring to a variety of mental disabilities including intellectual disability, learning disabilities, and mental illness, the book is noted for factual inaccuracies that render its conclusions invalid.

480 descendants

When Martin Kallikak, Sr. was a young soldier, he had a liaison with an “unnamed, feeble-minded tavern girl.” This tryst resulted in the birth of an illegitimate son, Martin Kallikak, Jr. The Kakos (bad) strain of the Kallikak family descended from this line.

1 dated, offensive : impaired in intellectual ability : affected with intellectual disability.

“Moron” was coined in 1910 by psychologist Henry H. Goddard from the Ancient Greek word μωρός (moros), which meant “dull” and used to describe a person with a mental age in adulthood of between 7 and 10 on the Binet scale.

Henry Herbert Goddard (1866-1957) was a leading American eugenicist known for his 1912 book, The Kallikak Family: A Study in Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness. He is also known for being the first to translate the Binet intelligence test into English in 1908 and for introducing the term “moron.”

In his book, Goddard claimed that a child can inherit feeble-mindedness, which psychiatrists now call intellectual disability, from their parents. Because of that, Wolverton transferred to the Vineland Training School for Feeble-Minded Girls and Boys in Vineland, New Jersey.

Elisha Harris

Ordinary Criminal- considered as the lowest form of criminal in a criminal career. Professional Criminal – a person who is engaged in criminal activities with high degree of skill. He usually practices crime as a profession to maintain a living.