NTLM was subject to several known security vulnerabilities related to password hashing and salting. In NTLM, passwords stored on the server and domain controller are not “salted” — meaning that a random string of characters is not added to the hashed password to further protect it from cracking techniques.

Resolution

1. Ensure that NetBIOS Name Resolution is enabled on the Domain Controller to which the Web Gateway is sending the NTLM requests.
2. Ensure that NTLM 401 Authentication is allowed on the Domain Controller.
3. Check the LDAP Authentication.
4. Check the NTLM settings.
5. Check the client browser settings.
6. Check the DNS settings.

NT LAN Manager (NTLM) authentication is a challenge-response scheme that is a securer variation of Digest authentication. NTLM uses Windows credentials to transform the challenge data instead of the unencoded user name and password. The underlying Windows HTTP service includes authentication using federated protocols.

NTLM over http is using HTTP persistent connection or http keep-alive. A single connection is created and then kept open for the rest of the session.

How does NTLM authentication work?

1. The client sends a username to the host.
2. The host responds with a random number (i.e. the challenge).
3. The client then generates a hashed password value from this number and the user’s password, and then sends this back as a response.

Windows clients that support channel binding fail to be authenticated by a non-Windows Kerberos server. NTLM authentication failures when there’s a time difference between the client and DC or workgroup server.

NTLM was replaced as the default authentication protocol in Windows 2000 by Kerberos. However, NTLM is still maintained in all Windows systems for compatibility purposes between older clients and servers. NTLM is also used to authenticate local logons with non-domain controllers.

3 Answers. NTLM over plain HTTP is insecure. Attackers that passively sniff traffic or who perform a man-in-the-middle attack can use various methods to steal or abuse credentials.

In the Connections pane, expand the server name, expand Sites, and then the site, application, or Web service for which you want to enable Extended Protection for Windows authentication. Scroll to the Security section in the Home pane, and then double-click Authentication.

NTLM stores password hash in the memory of the LSA service, which can be extracted using different tools and then used by attackers. 4. It will allow unauthorized access to network resources. Thus, it’s recommended to disable NTLM Authentication in Windows Domain.

Integrated Windows Authentication (IWA) is a term associated with Microsoft products that refers to the SPNEGO, Kerberos, and NTLMSSP authentication protocols with respect to SSPI functionality introduced with Microsoft Windows 2000 and included with later Windows NT-based operating systems.

Content Gateway supports both transparent (Single Sign-On) and interactive (prompted) authentication. Transparent authentication is supported with Integrated Windows Authentication and Legacy NTLM.

IWA authentication provides an easier way for users to log in to web applications that use Windows Active Directory as an user store. The web browser gets the credentials of the Windows logged in user and uses those credentials to authenticate the user with the help of the server and Active Directory.

To disable outgoing NTLM authentication traffic locally:

1. Run secpol. msc.
2. Browse to Security Settings/Local Policies/Security Options.
3. Set the Network Security: Restrict NTLM: Outgoing NTLM traffic to remote servers setting to Deny All.

The IWA Adapter validates the Kerberos ticket or NTLM token: If a Kerberos ticket is received, the IWA Adapter accesses the domain controller and validates the ticket using the credentials defined in the adapter’s configuration (see Installation and Configuration on page 7).

Enable Integrated Windows Authentication (IWA) in Internet Explorer

1. Open Internet Explorer and select “Tools” dropdown.
2. Select the “Advanced” tab.
3. Scroll down to the “Security” section until you see “Enable Integrated Windows Authentication”.
4. Select the “Security” tab.

In Azure AD, a password is often one of the primary authentication methods….How each authentication method works.

Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) Pass-through Authentication allows your users to sign in to both on-premises and cloud-based applications using the same passwords.

However, IWA is a legitimate alternative for use within internal corporate networks. With IWA enabled, EFT Server defers the user authentication to Active Directory and IE, resulting in a single sign-on user experience. In an environment where SSO is a requirement, these functions may not be important or even desired.

If you are using IWA with rule-based authentication, see Rule-Based Authentication, for configuration steps. In the Content Gateway manager, enable Integrated Windows Authentication on the Configure > My Proxy > Basic page and click Apply. Configure Global authentication options.

IWA (Kerberos): Authentication performance is bound by CPU. There is no communication to the domain controllers for Kerberos authentication. NTLM and Basic: Domain controller responsiveness effects performance.

In the Content Gateway manager, use the Diagnostic Test function on the Monitor > Security > Integrated Windows Authentication tab. This Monitor page displays authentication request statistics and provides the diagnostic test function. The Diagnostic Test function performs connectivity and authentication testing and reports errors.

In the Content Gateway manager, enable Integrated Windows Authentication on the Configure > My Proxy > Basic page and click Apply. Configure Global authentication options. Join Content Gateway to the Windows domain. See Configuring Integrated Windows Authentication for a list of required conditions.