N-14 is more abundant in nature because it is closest to the average atomic mass of 14.007. The average atomic mass is a weighted average which takes into account not only the mass but the abundance of a particular isotope.

Carbon-14 (or 14C) contains six protons, eight neutrons, and six electrons; its atomic mass is 14 amu (six protons and eight neutrons).

8

Carbon-14 atoms have two extra neutrons, giving them a total of 8 neutrons. Carbon-14 has an atomic mass of 14 ( = 6 protons + 8 neutrons). The extra neutrons make the nucleus of carbon-14 unstable.

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. You know that nitrogen-14 has 7 protons in the nucleus because it is an isotope of nitrogen, which has an atomic number equal to 7 . The mass number of an isotope is added to the name of the isotope.

Ozone (O3) is mainly found in two layers of our atmosphere: the troposphere and the stratosphere. The stratosphere, 10 and 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, contains around 90% of the total atmospheric ozone amount.

The thermosphere

the stratosphere

Human activities cause ozone depletion and global warming Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons—gases formerly found in aerosol spray cans and refrigerants—are released into the atmosphere (see details below).

Ozone is found in two different layers in Earth’s atmosphere.

troposphere

Layers of the atmosphere

• The Troposphere. This is the lowest part of the atmosphere – the part we live in.
• The Stratosphere. This extends upwards from the tropopause to about 50 km.
• The Mesosphere. The region above the stratosphere is called the mesosphere.
• The Thermosphere and Ionosphere.
• The Exosphere.
• The Magnetosphere.

Layers of Earth’s Atmosphere

• exosphere—contains few particles that move into and from space.
• exobase—the lower boundary of the exosphere.
• thermosphere—temperature increases with height.
• The International Space Station orbits Earth in this layer.

Neutral carbon-14 contains six protons, eight neutrons, and six electrons; its mass number is 14 (six protons plus eight neutrons). These two alternate forms of carbon are isotopes.

7 protons

Nitrogen-14 is one of two stable (non-radioactive) isotopes of the chemical element nitrogen, which makes about 99.636% of natural nitrogen. Nitrogen-14 is one of the very few stable nuclides with both an odd number of protons and of neutrons (seven each) and is the only one to make up a majority of its element.

However, we already know that there are 7 protons. Therefore, there must be 8 neutrons in the nucleus to add up to 15. The nucleus of every nitrogen atom has 7 ptotons….

The value of the mole in precisely 12 grammes of pure carbon-12 is equal to the number of atoms. 12.00 g C-12 = 1 mol C-12 atoms = 6.022 x 1023 atoms….Thank you.

Hydrogen (H)

Atomic radii vary in a predictable way across the periodic table. As can be seen in the figures below, the atomic radius increases from top to bottom in a group, and decreases from left to right across a period. Thus, helium is the smallest element, and francium is the largest.

helium

element neon

When you refer to subatomic particles, they are the electron, the proton and the neutron, of which the electron has the lowest mass.

Electrons have virtually no mass, but protons and neutrons have a lot of mass for their size. As a result, the nucleus has virtually all the mass of an atom. Given its great mass and tiny size, the nucleus is very dense.

Neutrons have no electrical charge. Protons and neutrons together make a dense bundle at the center of an atom. This bundle is called the nucleus. Electrons have a negative electrical charge (-) and move around the nucleus.

Every atom has no overall charge (neutral). This is because they contain equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons. These opposite charges cancel each other out making the atom neutral.

Why do most things have no net charge? For an object to have no net change the protons and electrons would have to be equal. Protons and electrons like to be equal and matched up therefore most things have no net charge. A negative ion is a collection of atoms that has extra electrons giving it a negative charge.

quarks

The diameter of the proton is about as much as a millimetre divided by a thousand billion (10^-15m). Physicists can not yet compare what`s larger: a quark, Higgs boson or an electron. “So we can say that an electron is lighter than a quark, but we can not say that it is smaller than quark” – concludes Prof. Wrochna.

Well, since we are in the Chemistry section, electrons, protons, and neutrons are the smallest fundamental particles.