Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is usually not used in the process of titration because it reacts with the indicator potassium permanganate (KMnO4) that is used in the process. It reacts with KMnO4 solution and gets oxidized which further results in the liberation of chlorine gas.

Redox Titration Calculations

1. Write a balanced half equation for the oxidation reaction.
2. Write a balanced half equation for the reduction reaction.
3. Add the oxidation and reduction half equations together to give a balanced redox reaction equation.
4. Extract all the relevant information from the question.

Redox titration determines the concentration of an unknown solution (analyte) that contains an oxidizing or reducing agent. Not all titrations require an external indicator. Some titrants can serve as their own indicators, such as when potassium permanganate is titrated against a colorless analyte.

Potassium Permanganate is a versatile and powerful oxidant that can be used to determine many substances by direct or indirect titration. A unique advantage of Potassium Permanganate is that it serves as its own indicator. Titrations with Permanganate must be carried out in strong acid solution.

Why in the redox titration of KMnO_(4) vs oxalic acid, we heat oxalic acid solution before starting the titration? The reaction is very slow at room temperature. By raising the temperature, the reaction rate increases.

Potassium permanganate(KMnO4) is colored because it absorbs light in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The permanganate ion is the source of the color, as a ligand-to-metal charge transfer takes place between the oxygen’s p orbitals and the empty d-orbitals on the metal.

For acidic medium in the oxidation of potassium permanganate KMnO4, hydrochloric acid is not used to provide the acidic environment for the reaction. Hence, HCl gas is not used as KMnO4 oxidizes HCl into Cl2 which is also an oxidizing agent.

potassium dichromate is primary standard as it is highly soluble in aqueous medium and does dissociate in presence of sunlight.. whereas potassium permanganate is secondary standard as it gets precipitated and dissociated in presence of sunlight.

KMnO4 is not used as primary standard because it is difficult to obtain the pure state of KMnO4 as it is not free from MnO2. Also, the colour is so intense that it acts as its own indicator.

A HCl solution is used as it can be prepared accurately and is quite stable. Because of this stability it is called a secondary standard. Even more accurate and stable standards are called primary standards.

e.g. HCL, H2SO4, NaOH, KOH, KMnO4, etc. are the Secondary Standard Substance. A secondary standard is a standard that is arranged in the laboratory for a definite analysis. To determine the concentration of NaOH in a solution, it is titrated against a primary standard weak acid, such as potassium hydrogen phthalate.

hydrated sodium thiosu,phate Na2S2O3⋅5H2O called ‘hypo’ is readily solube in water and solutions are used for iodinetitrations in volumetric analysis.

Unfortunately EDTA cannot be easily used as a primary standard. The H4Y form can be dried at 140◦C for 2 hrs and used as a primary standard, but is only sparingly soluble in water. Standardization of EDTA against a primary standard metal ion (in this case, the one to be determined) is easier and more reliable.

Since [Metal ion]+ is unknown, you can make no measurement of the amount present, unless you know [EDTA] fairly accurately. And thus a known mass of primary standard is required to standardize, to calibrate the titration.

The hydrated sodium salt of EDTA, Na2H2Y·2H2O, cannot be used as a primary standard for titrations due to uncertainties in the water content. This leads one to calculate the average molar mass of the reagent and its water content, allowing to use it to prepare EDTA standard solutions.

Application. These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials. Copper Sulfate may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical formulations by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).

Should copper sulfate be ingested, it’s only mildly toxic as it’s most often vomited up relatively quickly due to the extreme irritation it causes on the gastrointestinal tract. If someone consumes copper sulfate and does not vomit, they could be at risk of copper sulfate poisoning.

Copper(II) sulfate is used extensively in agriculture as a soil additive, a fumigant for trees, a feed additive to prevent mineral deficiencies, and as a wood preservative.

Copper sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula CuSO4 and can be made in a chemistry laboratory by reacting copper oxide with sulphuric acid. Copper sulfate has many uses, from a fungicide and herbicide in agriculture, to creating the vivid blue colors in fireworks or for use in copper plating.

blue

Copper sulfate commonly refers to copper (II) sulfate or cupric sulfate. This chemical compound is made up of two ions- a copper (II) ion and sulfate ion. The overall ionic formula of copper (II) sulfate is CuSO4.

Prepare a 1% copper sulfate solution. To make this solution, weigh 1 gram of copper sulfate (CuSO4 ·5H2O), dissolve in a small amount of distilled water in a 100 ml volumetric flask and bring to volume. Label this as 1% copper sulfate solution.

Copper sulfate can cause severe eye irritation. Eating large amounts of copper sulfate can lead to nausea, vomiting, and damage to body tissues, blood cells, the liver, and kidneys. With extreme exposures, shock and death can occur.

CuSO4 will be acidic in solution. This can be considered from a number of directions:CuSO4 is the reaction product of a strong acid (H2SO4) and a weak base ( Cu(OH)2)Or else, when CuSO4 is dissolved in water it dissociates:CUSO4 ↔ Cu+ + SO42-The SO2- ion is strongly acidic in aqueous solutions, whereas Cu.

However, copper, and most transition metals, often exist as positively charged ions in solution. Positive ions are electron pair acceptors, and can be considered Lewis acids. To reiterate, copper atoms themselves are not acidic or basic, but copper ions are acidic.

An end-chapter problem posed in an 11-grade texbook asks to analyse whether a water solution of CuSO4 will be acidic. The standard answer is yes, because “H2SO4 is a strong acid, hence SO42− is a weak base. As a weak base, it will not be too hot about grabbing H+ from the environment.

The ions from KCl derive from a strong acid (HCl) and a strong base (KOH). Therefore, neither ion will affect the acidity of the solution, so KCl is a neutral salt.