There are two main reasons why this area of coast is eroding so rapidly. The first is the result of the strong prevailing winds creating longshore drift that moves material south along the coastline. The second is that the cliffs are made of soft boulder clay which erodes rapidly when saturated.

Advantages – Protects the base of cliffs, land and buildings against erosion. Can prevent coastal flooding in some areas. Disadvantages = Expensive to build. Curved sea walls reflect the energy of the waves back to the sea.

The effectiveness of the measures taken on the Holderness coast are variable, but in general hard measures are successful in stopping or at least slowing down the erosion locally. Human interference, such as sea defences, causes rapid erosion of the unprotected beaches and cliffs.

The medium prediction for Holderness coast is about 30 cm in the next fifty years (6 mm/year). This rate is significantly higher than 1-2 mm/years that has occurred in the previous 100 years. Storm events are of great importance at the Holderness coast. The erosion occurs mainly during storms and tidal surges.

The erosion of the Holderness coast was identified by the Royal Commission of 1906–1911 as the most serious around the coast of the British Isles. Significant factors in coastal erosion include the structure of the cliffs, beach, and sea bed; the tidal range; currents; onshore winds; and storm surges.

The Holderness coastline is susceptible to erosion due to the long north-easterly fetch, allowing for powerful waves, and the softness of the geology that make up the cliffs.

Mappleton and the cliffs are no longer at great risk from erosion. The rock groynes have stopped beach material being moved south from Mappleton along the coast. However, this has increased erosion south of Mappleton. Benefits in one area might have a negative effect on another.

around 2 metres per year

The loss of coastline can be measured at Kilnsea, where an inscription on the side of the former public house tells how far it was to the cliff edge when it was built. Many people reckon that the rate of the erosion is about 2 m per year.

As the East Riding coastline contains 48 kilometres of soft glacial till (clay, pebbles and sand), it is particularly vulnerable to coastal erosion.

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