Short circuits occur during overloading or when two bare wires touch. A circuit is said to be overloaded when too much current flows causing heat build up or wiring to break down. This can lead to sparks and fire.

When dealing with the force of gravity between two objects, there are only two things that are important – mass, and distance. The force of gravity depends directly upon the masses of the two objects, and inversely on the square of the distance between them.

Hence, two wire properties that would provide the greatest resistance to the flow of a current are long and thin.

Parallel circuit

electric current

a machine known as emf(electro motive force )produces potential difference in an electric circuit which makes the flow of charges.

WHEN DOES CURRENT FLOW IN A CIRCUIT? In a complete circuit, the electrons flow from the negative terminal (connection) on the power source, through the connecting wires and components, such as bulbs, and back to the positive terminal.

The particles that carry charge through wires in a circuit are mobile electrons. The electric field direction within a circuit is by definition the direction that positive test charges are pushed. Thus, these negatively charged electrons move in the direction opposite the electric field.

The charge that flows through a circuit originates in the wires of the circuit. The charge carriers in wires are simply the electrons possessed by the atoms that make up the wires.

How do electrons move along a wire? Electrons do not move along a wire like cars on a highway. Actually, Any conductor (thing that electricity can go through) is made of atoms. If you put new electrons in a conductor, they will join atoms, and each atom will deliver an electron to the next atom.

The “electrical pressure” due to the difference in voltage between the positive and negative terminals of a battery causes the charge (electrons) to move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. Any path through which charges can move is called an electric circuit.

In a wire, negatively charged electrons move, and positively charged atoms don’t. Electrical engineers say that, in an electrical circuit, electricity flows one direction: out of the positive terminal of a battery and back into the negative terminal.

The electrons in an AC circuit don’t really move along with the current flow. Instead, they sort of sit and wiggle back and forth. They move one direction for 1/60th of a second, and then turn around and go the other direction for 1/60th of a second. Alternating current works in much the same way.

Current direction Electrons flow from negative to positive. In a direct current (DC) circuit, current flows in one direction only, and one pole is always negative and the other pole is always positive.

Current flows from positive to negative and electron flows from negative to positive. Current is determined by the number of electrons passing through a cross-section of a conductor in one second.

The flow of electrons is termed electron current. Electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive. Conventional current or simply current, behaves as if positive charge carriers cause current flow. Conventional current flows from the positive terminal to the negative.

A continuous flow of negative charges (electrons) creates an electric current. The pathway taken by a electric current is a circuit. Closed circuits allow the movement of electrical energy.

In either its natural or synthetic form, rubber has been used as an insulator since 1870. The tightly bound electrons are not free to be shared by neighbouring atoms. The properties of rubber also cause the electrons to slow down and eventually prevent them from moving at all.

Electrons are the negatively charged particles of atom. Together, all of the electrons of an atom create a negative charge that balances the positive charge of the protons in the atomic nucleus. Electrons are extremely small compared to all of the other parts of the atom.