At low temperature, the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids move less and become more rigid. This decreases the overall fluidity of the membrane, also decreasing its permeability and potentially restricting entry of important molecules such as oxygen and glucose into the cell.

As said in the introduction by heating the beetroot membrane the pigment clearly starts to leak which makes it more permeable, the proteins start to ‘denature’ and they can no longer function effectively. Each temperature has a range of absorbance and so the higher temperature causes the membranes completely disappear.

This pigment gives the beet its characteristic red colour. When the conditions become warmer, the cell membrane is disrupted, causing the vacuole to release greater amounts of betalain through the more permeable membrane.

An increase in temperature results in an increase of the red pigment release, this could be down to the structure of the beetroot cells’ membrane which is a phospholipid bilayer. The temperature affects the H-bonds within the bilayer and the protein pores.

Generally, increasing the temperature increases membrane permeability. At temperatures below 0 oC the phospholipids in the membrane don’t have much energy and so they can’t move much, which means that they’re closely packed together and the membrane is rigid.

How does extreme heat damage the membrane allowing the contents to leak out of cells? [3 pts] When the membrane is exposed to extreme heat, the plasma membranes of the cell are damaged which can damage the proteins and therefore causing the membrane to and the dye from the beet to leak out.

The membrane is fluid but also fairly rigid and can burst if penetrated or if a cell takes in too much water. If unsaturated fatty acids are compressed, the “kinks” in their tails push adjacent phospholipid molecules away, which helps maintain fluidity in the membrane.

Plasma membrane damage results in loss of osmotic balance and influx of fluids and ions, as well as loss of proteins, enzymes, coenzymes, and ribonucleic acids. The cells may also leak metabolites, which are vital for the reconstitution of ATP, thus further depleting net intracellular high-energy phosphates.

When the temperature gets hot enough, the enzymes in the bacterium are denatured, meaning they change shape. This change renders them useless, and they’re no longer able to do their work. The cell simply ceases to function. Heat can also damage the bacterium’s cell envelope.

A: Children are at great risk for heatstroke because a child’s body heats up three to five times faster than an adult’s. When the body’s temperature reaches 104 degrees, the internal organs start to shut down. When it reaches 107 degrees, the child can die.