A Capacitor Bank is a group of several capacitors of the same rating that are connected in series or parallel with each other to store electrical energy . The resulting bank is then used to counteract or correct a power factor lag or phase shift in an alternating current (AC) power supply.

Capacitors are connected directly to the terminals of inductive circuit. Individual compensation should be considered when the power of the motor is significant with respect to the declared power requirement (kVA) of the installation.

Power factor correction capacitors increase system current-carrying capacity . Raising the power factor on a kW load reduces kVA . Therefore, by adding capacitors, you can add additional kW load to your system without altering the kVA .

The power factor (Fp) is the ratio of active power to apparent power: (Eq. 1) The power factor is “leading” in loads that are more capacitive and “lagging” in loads that are more inductive (e.g., motor or transformer windings).

unity

It is found by multiplying (kVA = V x A). The result is expressed as kVA units. PF expresses the ratio of true power used in a circuit to the apparent power delivered to the circuit. A 96% power factor demonstrates more efficiency than a 75% power factor.

The unit of Apparent power (S) VA i.e. 1VA = 1V x 1A. When the circuit is pure resistive, then apparent power is equal to real or true power, but in inductive or capacitive circuit, (when Reactances exist) then apparent power is greater than real or true power.

Power factor refers to the ability of your electrical system to convert electric current into useful work such as heat, light, and mechanical motion. The ratio of real power to total power is called power factor, and your equipment is performing best when that ratio is between 90% and 100%.

1 Unit = 1kWh. So the Total kWh = 1000 Watts x 24 Hrs x 30 Days = 720000 … Watts / hour. We want to convert it into electric units, Where 1 Unit = 1kWh….Power Consumption of Typical Home Appliances in Watts.

The capacitor stores (otherwise lost energy/watts) and releases energy to your motor when needed to function properly. This reduces the amount of heat on the wires and the motors in your home or business. Reducing this heat will lower your electricity bill and increase the life of your motors.

A power factor of less than one indicates the voltage and current are not in phase, reducing the average product of the two. In an electric power system, a load with a low power factor draws more current than a load with a high power factor for the same amount of useful power transferred.

As against in case of lagging power factor, the current lags the supplied voltage. The tendency of the circuit that causes the current to either lead or lag depends on the load conditions….Comparison Chart.

In an AC power system, the power factor is a very important parameter that defines how efficiently electrical power is being utilized by the load. The p.f of a system depends on the type of load present, whether resistive, inductive or capacitive.

A lower power factor causes a higher current flow for a given load. As the line current increases, the voltage drop in the conductor increases, which may result in a lower voltage at the equipment. With an improved power factor, the voltage drop in the conductor is reduced, improving the voltage at the equipment.

Power factor correction (PFC) aims to improve power factor, and therefore power quality. It reduces the load on the electrical distribution system, increases energy efficiency and reduces electricity costs. It also decreases the likelihood of instability and failure of equipment.

Disadvantages of low power factor At low power factor, the current is high which gives rise to high copper losses in the system and therefore the efficiency of the system is reduced. Higher current produced a large voltage drop in the apparatus.

Copper loss is not affected by power factor.

Answer: Power factor is the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current. True power may be equal to apparent power but cannot exceed. So that is why power factor can not more than unity.

For a consumer the most economical power factor is generally

• A. 0.5 lagging.
• 0.5 leading.
• 0.95 lagging.
• 0.95 leading.

where ω=2πfand f= frequency of AC source and C and L are the capacitance and the inductance in the circuit respectively. Therefore, the power factor of an LCR circuit at resonance is 1.

What Is Maximum Value? The maximum value of a function is the place where a function reaches its highest point, or vertex, on a graph. For instance, in this image, the maximum value of the function is y equals 5.

The minimum value of a function is the lowest point of a vertex. If your quadratic equation has a positive a term, it will also have a minimum value. If you have the equation in the form of y = ax^2 + bx + c, then you can find the minimum value using the equation min = c – b^2/4a.

Use basic rules of algebra to rearrange the function and solve the value for x, when the derivative equals zero. This solution will tell you the x-coordinate of the vertex of the function, which is where the maximum or minimum will occur. into the original function and solve to find the minimum or maximum.