When solids are heated, atoms takes more space for their movement and thus expands. When solids are cooled, kinetic energy decreases, atoms take less space and thus contracts.

When a solid is heated, the molecules that make up the solid begin to vibrate. This causes them to take up more space, and the solid matter expands. If the heat continues to build, it may provide enough energy for the particles to break free from their strong attraction to one another, causing the solid to melt.

Temperature has a direct effect on whether a substance exists as a solid, liquid or gas. Generally, increasing the temperature turns solids into liquids and liquids into gases; reducing it turns gases into liquids and liquids into solids.

All solids expand when they are heated (unless heating causes some of the molecules to break up or makes the solid lose molecules). Their molecules move faster and push each other farther apart. When solids cool, the molecules slow down. This allows the molecules to move closer together, so the solids contract.

In referring to a table of coefficients of linear expansion (CLE) for pure metals, one will find that potassium metal expands the most as it has the…

Gases

The coefficient for aluminum is 2.4, twice that of iron or steel. This means that an equal temperature change will produce twice as much change in the length of a bar of aluminum as for a bar of iron. Lead is among the most expansive solid materials, with a coefficient equal to 3.0.

Just like steel, aluminum alloys become weaker as the service temperature rises. But aluminum melts at only about 1,260 degrees, so it loses about half of its strength by the time it reaches 600 degrees.

Yes, it is safe to use aluminum foil in the oven, even at very high oven temperatures. The melting temperature of aluminum foil at, standard pressure, is 1,220 degrees Fahrenheit (660 degrees Celsius).

4566 Degrees Fahrenheit

So use aluminum at service temperatures of 400 degrees F (or worse, 600 degrees). Even if the maximum temperature is 400 degrees, the answer is probably not.

Symptoms

• Confusion.
• Muscle weakness.
• Bone pain, deformities, and fractures.
• Seizures.
• Speech problems.
• Slow growth—in children.

Treatment of aluminum toxicity includes elimination of aluminum from the diet, TPN, dialysate, medications, antiperspirants, and an attempt at the elimination and chelation of the element from the body’s stores. Avoidance of aluminum is easily achieved once the need to do so is recognized.

How to Recover From a Toxic Relationship

1. Be patient with yourself. Keep in mind that it takes time to retrain your brain.
2. Notice how you speak to yourself. Be on the lookout for what your internal voice is telling you.
3. Adopt a gentler voice.
4. Lead with kindness.
5. Find your strength.
6. Embrace who you are.
7. Be where you are.