Bloody Sunday in 1905 and the Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War both helped lead to the 1917 revolution. After taking over, the Bolsheviks promised ‘peace, land, and bread’ to the Russian people. In 1917 Lenin returned to Russia from exile with German help.

The Russian Revolution paved the way for the rise of communism as an influential political belief system around the world. It set the stage for the rise of the Soviet Union as a world power that would go head-to-head with the United States during the Cold War.

The Russian Provisional Government (Russian: Временное правительство России, tr. Vremennoye pravitel’stvo Rossii) was a provisional government of Russia established immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire on 2 March [15 March, New Style] 1917.

Marxism–Leninism was the ideological basis for the Soviet Union. It explained and legitimised the CPSU’s right to rule, while explaining its role as a vanguard party.

Bloody Sunday, Russian Krovavoye Voskresenye, (January 9 [January 22, New Style], 1905), massacre in St. Petersburg, Russia, of peaceful demonstrators marking the beginning of the violent phase of the Russian Revolution of 1905.

Marxism is a social, political, and economic philosophy named after Karl Marx. It examines the effect of capitalism on labor, productivity, and economic development and argues for a worker revolution to overturn capitalism in favor of communism.

Key Ideas of Karl Marx

• Capitalist society is divided into two classes:
• The bourgeoisie increase their wealth by exploiting the proletariat.
• Those who have economic power control all other institutions in society.
• Ideological Control.
• The result of the above is false class consciousness.
• Revolution and Communism.

Contents

• General criticism.
• Historical materialism.
• Historical determinism.
• Suppression of individual rights.
• Economic. 5.1 Labor theory of value. 5.2 Distorted or absent price signals. 5.3 Reduced incentives. 5.4 Inconsistency. 5.5 Relevance.
• Social.
• Epistemological.
• See also.

According to this Soviet interpretation, Marx was supposed to have delineated five progressive stages of human socio-economic formations: the ‘classless’ primitive community, the slave-based society of classical times, the feudal society based on serfdom, the modern bourgeois society based on capitalism, and lastly the …

Marx believed that humanity’s core conflict rages between the ruling class, or bourgeoisie, that controls the means of production such as factories, farms and mines, and the working class, or proletariat, which is forced to sell their labour.

The main modes of production that Marx identified generally include primitive communism, slave society, feudalism, mercantilism, and capitalism. In each of these social stages, people interacted with nature and production in different ways.

The two-stage theory, or stagism, is a Marxist–Leninist political theory which argues that underdeveloped countries such as Tsarist Russia must first pass through a stage of capitalism via a bourgeois revolution before moving to a socialist stage.

Marxist dialectic. Marxist dialectic is a form of Hegelian dialectic which applies to the study of historical materialism. It purports to be a reflection of the real world created by man. Dialectic would thus be a robust method under which one could examine personal, social, and economic behaviors.

This is the materialist conception of history: the driving force of history is “real individuals, their activity, and the material conditions under which they live” (p. 163).

Marxist historiography, that is, the writing of Marxist history in line with the given historiographical principles, is often seen as a tool. Its aim is to bring those oppressed by history to self-consciousness, and to arm them with tactics and strategies from history: it is both a historical and a liberatory project.

These historians, who were generally Progressives in politics, emphasized the importance of class conflict and the power of economic interests in their studies, revealing the influence of Karl Marx (1818–83).

historical materialism

It is a journal of Marxian theory that makes it a point to rethink and develop Marxian analyses of capitalism, imperialism and alternatives to capitalism. Rethinking Marxism is also known for its sustained efforts to showcase contemporary art practices.

This journal represents an attempt to explore issues, ideas, and problems that lie at the intersection between the academic disciplines of social science and the body of thought and political practice that has constituted Marxism over the last 150 years.

He began to work as a journalist, and in 1842, he became the editor of Rheinische Zeitung, a liberal newspaper in Cologne. Just one year later, the government ordered the newspaper’s suppression, effective April 1, 1843. Marx resigned on March 18th.

In 1848, Engels co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Marx and also authored and co-authored (primarily with Marx) many other works. Later, Engels supported Marx financially, allowing him to do research and write Das Kapital. After Marx’s death, Engels edited the second and third volumes of Das Kapital.

Hegel regards history as an intelligible process moving towards a specific condition—the realization of human freedom. “The question at issue is therefore the ultimate end of mankind, the end which the spirit sets itself in the world” (1857: 63).

Hegelianism is the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel which can be summed up by the dictum that “the rational alone is real”, which means that all reality is capable of being expressed in rational categories. His goal was to reduce reality to a more synthetic unity within the system of absolute idealism.

The end of history is a political and philosophical concept that supposes that a particular political, economic, or social system may develop that would constitute the end-point of humanity’s sociocultural evolution and the final form of human government.

According to Hegel, the end or goal of history is the actualization of freedom in the life of the modern nation-state.

Historicity is the historical actuality of persons and events, meaning the quality of being part of history as opposed to being a historical myth, legend, or fiction. Historicity denotes historical actuality, authenticity, factuality and focuses on the true value of knowledge claims about the past.