John Hutchinson was a British botanist associated with Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. He developed and proposed his system based on Bentham and Hooker and also on Bessey. His phylogenetic system first appeared as “The Families of Flowering Plants” in two volumes.

Phylogenetic classification has two main advantages over the Linnaean system. First, phylogenetic classification tells you something important about the organism: its evolutionary history. Second, phylogenetic classification does not attempt to “rank” organisms.

The natural system of classification of organisms is according to a relationship based on descent from a common ancestor. This system of classification avoids the grouping of heterogeneous and unrelated groups of organisms. The first natural system of plant classification was given by Bentham and Hooker.

Bentham and Hooker

The Principle of Classification is whatever rule or characteristic ect. you are using to determine which items are grouped together. Your principle of classification would then be color. Or you might classify by size, putting smalls together, mediums together and so on.

Carolus Linnaeus

Whittaker

Kingdoms of Life

• Archaea.
• Animals (Zoology)
• Bacteria (Bacteriology)
• Fungi (Mycology)
• Plants (Botany)
• Protists (Protistology)

Eight kingdoms model

• The first two kingdoms of life: Plantae and Animalia.
• The third kingdom: Protista.
• The fourth kingdom: Fungi.
• The fifth kingdom: Bacteria (Monera)
• The sixth kingdom: Archaebacteria.
• The seventh kingdom: Chromista.
• The eighth kingdom: Archezoa.
• Kingdom Protozoa sensu Cavalier-Smith.

I don’t think that viruses are living things, as they cannot reproduce on their own, which therefore eliminates them from being a living thing. They are just DNA and RNA shielded by a protein coat, called caspid. So, viruses do not have a domain and do not belong to one.

This figure represents the living species in the four small pictures according to the current classification of organisms: eukaryotes (represented by yellow cell), bacteria (represented by green cell), Archaea (represented by blue cell) and viruses (represented by magenta colored Mimivirus).

Abstract. Viruses infect members of domains Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea.

Prokaryotes include several kinds of microorganisms, such as bacteria and cyanobacteria. Viruses are considered neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes because they lack the characteristics of living things, except the ability to replicate (which they accomplish only in living cells).

Most species of viruses are now known to have common ancestors, and although the “virus first” hypothesis has yet to gain full acceptance, there is little doubt that the thousands of species of modern viruses have evolved from less numerous ancient ones.