In 1875, crude oil was discovered by David Beaty at his home in Warren, Pennsylvania. This led to the opening of the Bradford oil field, which, by the 1880s, produced 77 percent of the global oil supply.

Crude oils are customarily characterized by the type of hydrocarbon compound that is most prevalent in them: paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics. Paraffins are the most common hydrocarbons in crude oil; certain liquid paraffins are the major constituents of gasoline (petrol) and are therefore highly valued.

Constituents of crude oil. Hydrocarbons are generally divided into four groups: (1) paraffins, (2) olefins, (3) naphthenes, and (4) aromatics (Figure 1.8). Among these groups, paraffins, olefins, and naphthenes are sometimes called aliphatic compounds, as different from aromatic compounds.

Petroleum is a very complex mixture of hydrocarbons-compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen only. Small amounts of other organic compounds containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements are also present.

_B_ Pure compound – only one type of compound present. _A_ Mixture of two compounds – two types of compounds present….

PetroChina and Sinopec Group lead the list of the world’s biggest oil and gas companies of 2020 with revenues between $270 billion and $280 billion, ahead of Saudi Aramco and BP.

The most widely accepted theory for why the Middle East is loaded with oil is that the region was not always a vast desert. The oil was captured in place on the seabed by thick layers of salt. As the land in the modern Middle East region rose due to tectonic activity, the Tethys Ocean receded.

In the first half of the 20th century, whale oil’s applications broadened immensely. Premodern oil was inedible, but advances in chemistry allowed fresh oil to be hardened into a fat, which was used for margarine and soap until vegetable oil became a practical alternative in the late 1930s.

The wax-like substance is produced in the digestive tract of sperm whales. Ambergris has been called the treasure of the sea and floating gold. It is hugely valuable – it commands a higher price than gold. This is because it is highly prized as a fixative and ingredient in fine perfumes.

Though it is illegal to use ambergris in perfumes in the U.S. because of the sperm whale’s endangered status, foreign markets, especially French, remain strong. (Learn secrets of whale evolution in National Geographic magazine.)

It is extremely unstable and volatile; throwing or shooting a full whale oil tank will cause it to explode.

James Bartley (1870–1909) is the central figure in a late nineteenth-century story according to which he was swallowed whole by a sperm whale. He was found still living days later in the stomach of the whale, which was dead from harpooning.

When a deceased whale becomes beached, decomposition begins almost immediately. Gasses inside the whale’s body begin to bloat the carcass, and the Sunlight’s heat only exacerbates this gruesome process. Beachgoers are always advised to stay far away from, and not touch, a deceased beached whale.

SPIDER. Since the stercoral sac contains bacteria, which helps break down the spider’s food, it seems likely that gas is produced during this process, and therefore there is certainly the possibility that spiders do fart.

sea lion

Octopuses don’t fart, nor do other sea creatures like soft-shell clams or sea anemones. Birds don’t, either. Meanwhile, sloths may be the only mammal that doesn’t fart, according to the book (although the case for bat farts is pretty tenuous).

Do sloths die when they poop? Over 50 percent of sloths die when they defecate. This is because most sloths climb down out of the protective trees to poop on the ground.

Every animal farts including insects like bees and ants and butterflies. If you have a belly of sorts and a rectum, gasses will build up due to digestion and by nature they will fart. Monarch butterflies are the “Kings of Farting”.

Scientists Estimate Dinosaurs Passed Enough Gas To Warm Up The Planet : The Two-Way Their flatulence and burps were more than four times that of modern-day cows, scientists estimate.

The Top Ten Farting Animals (Including Us)

• Termites – These little insects not only chew away your house, but they release more methane than cows do.
• Camels – They do more than spit.
• Zebras- Good thing they don’t wear underwear, they may have stripes there too.
• Sheep- Baaaaahhh….
• Cows- What else are they gonna do.

Octopuses don’t fart gas, but they can expel a jet of water to propel themselves through the ocean (the authors call this a “pseudo-fart”).

Can you die from holding in a fart? There is no evidence that holding in a fart could kill you, though the pain and discomfort doing so causes can be severe.

Octopuses do expel ink from their siphons, which are also the openings through which they shoot water (for swimming) and bodily waste. So although not exactly flatulence, octopuses’ ink—used to confuse predators—does emerge from the opening that could be considered its anus.

Perhaps the ink interferes with normal respiration, or other physiological activities, of the octopus. Squid and octopus inks are often consumed by humans in recipes for these species and, of course, by their natural predators. There is apparently no harmful effect in doing this.”

Cephalopods are members of the class Cephalopoda, which include all squid, octopuses, cuttlefish, and nautiluses. Some members of the group are capable of causing injury or even death to humans.

‌Squid ink is used in food and medicine for many health benefits, including: It has antimicrobial properties. Research has shown that squid ink is effective against pathogens like bacteria, fungus, and viruses. It also has antibiotic effects against some infectious bacteria.

giant Pacific octopus