The significant features of Indus Valley civilization are personal cleanliness, town planning, construction of burnt-brick houses, ceramics, casting, forging of metals, manufacturing of cotton and woolen textiles. 3. Mohenjo-Daro people had finest bath facilities, drainage system, and knowledge of personal hygiene.

The disappearance of seals, the script, distinctive beads and pottery. The shift from the standardized weight system to use of local weights. The decline and abandoned cities. The Aryan invasion was believed to be major reason for the decline of Harappan Civilisation.

Other factors for the decline of Harappan Civilization were deforestation, ecological imbalances, decline in trade etc. However, many scholars at present believe that the decline of Harappan Civilization occured due to the Aryan invasions.

• over farming and grazing – used up natural resources.
• salt build up in soil – limited food production.
• cutting down too many trees for fuel and bricks – led to erosion and destruction of farmland.

The great Indus Valley Civilization, located in modern-day India and Pakistan, began to decline around 1800 BCE. The civilization eventually disappeared along with its two great cities, Mohenjo daro and Harappa.

Apparently the Indus civillization was likely destroyed by the Indo-European migrants from Iran, the Aryans. The cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were built of fire-baked bricks. Over the centuries the need for wood for brick-making denuded the country side and this may have contributed to the downfall.

From the late 1950s, historians believed that Mohenjo-daro was destroyed due to tectonic shifts in the region. According to one version, tectonic movements blocked the course of lower Indus river which must have caused floods that submerged the city.

The roots of the Indus Valley civilization can be traced back to the site of Mehrgarh in Pakistan dated to about 7000 BC. The civilization reached its peak around 2600 BC and it went into decline around 1900 BC. It depends on what you mean. Kot Diji civilization as the start? in this case around 3000 cal BCE.

Sir John Hubert Marshall led an excavation campaign in 1921-1922, during which he discovered the ruins of the city of Harappa. By 1931, the Mohenjo-daro site had been mostly excavated by Marshall and Sir Mortimer Wheeler. By 1999, over 1,056 cities and settlements of the Indus Civilization were located.

Besides above mentioned sites, Balu and Farmana in Haryana, Baror in Rajasthan, and Bet Dwarka and Bhagatrav in Gujarat can also be visited, as they are also some of the major Indus Valley Civilisation sites in India.

The large cities of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa very likely grew to contain between 30,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the civilisation itself during its florescence may have contained between one and five million individuals.

Harappa, village in eastern Punjab province, eastern Pakistan. It lies on the left bank of a now dry course of the Ravi River, west-southwest of the city of Sahiwal, about 100 miles (160 km) southwest of Lahore. Remains of the artisans’ quarter excavated at Harappa, in Pakistan.

This is the Indus Valley artifact called the Priest King. He is the iconic representation of Indus civilization. He dates to 2200-1900 BC and was found at the Mohenjo Daro archaeological site, Sindh Province, Pakistan.

Harappan language

Mohenjo-daro was discovered in 1922 by R. D. Banerji, an officer of the Archaeological Survey of India, two years after major excavations had begun at Harappa, some 590 km to the north. Large-scale excavations were carried out at the site under the direction of John Marshall, K. N.

Archaeologists first visited Mohenjo Daro in 1911. Several excavations occurred in the 1920s through 1931. Small probes took place in the 1930s, and subsequent digs occurred in 1950 and 1964. The ancient city sits on elevated ground in the modern-day Larkana district of Sindh province in Pakistan.

Vedic civilization

An old missionary student of China once remarked that Chinese history is “remote, monotonous, obscure, and-worst of all-there is too much of it.” China has the longest continuous history of any country in the world—3,500 years of written history.

Most reference books list Hinduism as the oldest world religion. This is probably because Hinduism has the oldest recorded roots, which lie in Dravidianism. Dravidianism is estimated to have been practiced around 6,000 to 3,000 BCE and as such predates the Sumerian, Egyptian, and Babylonian cultures.

The name “Earth” is derived from both English and German words, ‘eor(th)e/ertha’ and ‘erde’, respectively, which mean ground. But, the handle’s creator is unknown. One interesting fact about its name: Earth is the only planet that wasn’t named after a Greek or Roman god or goddess.

Under the Ming, China was the ‘Great Ming,’ under the Qing, China was the ‘Great Qing,’ and so on. Yet on unofficial documents, the name ‘Zhongguo’ lived on. The full given name of China today is ‘Zhonghua Renmin Gong He Guo,’ or People’s Republic of China.

In 1492 there was no country known as India. Instead that country was called Hindustan.

When he landed in the Antilles, Columbus referred to the resident peoples he encountered there as “Indians”, reflecting his purported belief that he had reached the Indian Ocean.

What is the correct terminology: American Indian, Indian, Native American, or Native? All of these terms are acceptable. The consensus, however, is that whenever possible, Native people prefer to be called by their specific tribal name.

“Bhārat”, the name for India in several Indian languages, is variously said to be derived from the name of either Dushyanta’s son Bharata or Rishabha’s son Bharata. The name “India” is originally derived from the name of the river Sindhu (Indus River) and has been in use in Greek since Herodotus (4th century BCE).