Terms in this set (40) A break with past experiences and the learning of new values and norms. resocialization.

unsocialized spontaneous self interested component of the perosnality and self identity. personality. sum total of behaviors attitudes beliefs and values that are characteristics of an individual. role-taking. taking or pretending to take the role of others.

Personality is the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual.

Aptitude is the capacity to learn a particular skill or acquire a particular body of knowledge.

emphasis on the genetic basis of human behavior – biological basis of all social behavior. Most sociologist believe that environmental factors have the most influence. most influencial to personality and behavior are birth order, parents, the cultural environment, and heredity.

Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and …

Beliefs often serve as a frame of reference through which we interpret our world. Although they can be changed, it often takes time or strong evidence to persuade someone to change a belief. Values are core concepts and ideas of what we consider good or bad, right or wrong, or what is worth the sacrifice.

People’s values, beliefs and attitudes are formed and bonded over time through the influences of family, friends, society and life experiences. So, by the time you’re an adult, you can hold very definite views on just about everything with a sense of “no one is going to change my mind”.

Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge) (Rosenberg & Hovland, 1960).

Behaviour is affected by factors relating to the person, including:

• physical factors – age, health, illness, pain, influence of a substance or medication.
• personal and emotional factors – personality, beliefs, expectations, emotions, mental health.
• life experiences – family, culture, friends, life events.

Values influence your behavior because you use them to decide between alternatives. Values, attitudes, behaviors and beliefs are cornerstones of who we are and how we do things. They form the basis of how we see ourselves as individuals, how we see others, and how we interpret the world in general.

Behavioral Component Behavior component of an attitude consists of a person’s tendencies to behave’in a particular way toward an object. It refers to that part of attitude which reflects the intention of a person in the short-run or long run.

Section I: Basic Behavior Components (A-B-C Model)

• Behavior serves two purposes: (1) to get something or (2) to avoid something.
• All behavior is learned.
• Behavior is an action that is observable and measurable. Behavior is observable.
• Behavior has three components: A (Antecedents) ⇒ B (Behaviors) ⇒ C (Consequences).

An attitude may be defined as an internal affective orientation explaining an individual’s action (Reber 1995). They comprise four components: cognitive, affective, evaluative, and conative. The affective component refers to the emotion or salience towards the attitude object.

Every attitude has three components that are represented in what is called the ABC model of attitudes: A for affective, B for behavioral, and C for cognitive. Although every attitude has these three components, any particular attitude can be based on one component more than another.

An attitude can be thought of as composed of three highly interrelated components: (1) a cognitive component, dealing with the beliefs and ideas a person has about a person or object; (2) an affective component (affect), dealing with a person’s feelings toward the person or object; and (3) an intentional component.

Barriers to Change Attitudes are; Prior Commitment. Insufficient Information. Balance and Consistency.

A positive attitude is mental outlook of optimism and of expecting good things to happen. People who possess this attitude are easier to get along with, are happy, and they spread joy around them. A positive attitude can affect your life favorably in all areas.

How to think positive thoughts

1. Focus on the good things. Challenging situations and obstacles are a part of life.
2. Practice gratitude.
3. Keep a gratitude journal.
4. Open yourself up to humor.
5. Spend time with positive people.
6. Practice positive self-talk.
7. Identify your areas of negativity.
8. Start every day on a positive note.

12 Simple Ways You Can Build A Positive Attitude

1. Listen to good music. Music definitely improves your mood, and it’s a really simple thing to do.
2. Don’t watch television passively.
3. Don’t do anything passively.
4. Be aware of negativity.
5. Make time to be alone.
6. Exercise.
7. Have projects.
8. Take time to do the things you enjoy.

A positive attitude helps you cope more easily with the daily affairs of life. It brings optimism into your life, and makes it easier to avoid worries and negative thinking. If you adopt it as a way of life, it would bring constructive changes into your life, and makes them happier, brighter and more successful.

These tips can help:

1. Identify negative self-talk traps. Certain scenarios may increase your self-doubt and lead to more negative self-talk.
2. Check in with your feelings. Stop during events or bad days and evaluate your self-talk.
3. Find the humor.
4. Surround yourself with positive people.
5. Give yourself positive affirmations.

Wade Boggs

Psychological benefits – Positive people have more energy and are more self-confident and hopeful. Because of this they tend to set higher goals and expend more effort in order to reach their goals. This helps positive people see multiple solutions to problems and make better decisions. …

For example, positive attitudes can include:

• It is looking adversity in the eye… and laughing.
• Getting what you get, and not pitching a fit.
• Enjoying the unexpected, even when it’s not what you wanted originally.
• Motivating those around you with a positive word.

(Most of us would prefer to be positive rather than negative.) Positive thoughts can actually create real value in your life and help you build skills that last much longer than a smile. The impact of positive thinking on your work, your health, and your life is being studied by people who are much smarter than me.