Which type of reasoning involves organizing an argument using a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion? inductive reasoning.

credibility. When Jo argues in her speech that the reason that there are so many earthquakes in California is the presence of the San Andreas Fault, she is using what kind of reasoning? a fact.

Hank was using a fear appeal. When persuading an unreceptive audience, speakers should present only one side of the issue.

Speakers develop ethos by being prepared, citing credible research, presenting information in a nonmanipulative way, and using engaging delivery techniques. Logos refers to the reasoning or logic of an argument.

How to Identify Pathos:

• The writer uses emotionally charged diction.
• The writer uses imagery.
• The writer uses a charged tone.
• The writer uses emotion-evoking examples and stories of emotionally charged events.
• The writer relies on the value of implied meanings to help convince you.

When you evaluate pathos, you are asking whether a speech or essay arouses the audience’s interest and sympathy. You are looking for the elements of the essay or speech that might cause the audience to feel (or not feel) an emotional connection to the content.

Patho-: A prefix derived from the Greek “pathos” meaning “suffering or disease.” Patho- serves as a prefix for many terms including pathogen (disease agent), pathogenesis (development of disease), pathology (study of disease), etc.

“Don’t confuse bathos with pathos. Bathos, the Greek word for depth, is a descent from the sublime to the ridiculous. “Pathos occurs when a feeling of pity, compassion or tenderness towards a character or situation is evoked in the reader. Pathos will be usually felt towards a hero, an admired character or a victim.