Which strategies have helped reduce air pollution in Europe? adopting energy conservation practices clearing forests converting to unleaded gas developing urban areas improving fuel efficiency reducing emissions

Air pollution data centre Most Europeans live in areas, especially cities, where air pollution can reach high levels. Both short- and long-term exposure to air pollution can lead to a wide range of diseases (e.g. cardiovascular diseases and reduced lung function, respiratory infections and aggravated asthma).

Long-term health effects from air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. Air pollution can also cause long-term damage to people’s nerves, brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs. Some scientists suspect air pollutants cause birth defects.

Road transport is one of Europe’s main sources of air pollution, especially of harmful pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, according to the EEA ‘Air quality in Europe — 2018 report’. Emissions from agriculture, energy production, industry and households are also contributing to air pollution.

The data showed that the main environmental problems in Western Europe were: energy production/acid rain, nuclear power/waste, air pollution/climate, heavy metals, pesticides, water pollution, solid waste, and unforeseen accidents. Many environmental problems are common to most European countries.

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On Days when High Particle Levels are Expected, Take these Extra Steps to Reduce Pollution:

• Reduce the number of trips you take in your car.
• Reduce or eliminate fireplace and wood stove use.
• Avoid burning leaves, trash, and other materials.
• Avoid using gas-powered lawn and garden equipment.

Answer. Answer: Examples are to use less toxic raw materials or fuels, use a less-polluting industrial process, and to improve the efficiency of the process. Controlling emissions related to transportation can include emission controlson vehicles as well as use of cleaner fuels.

Ways to Reduce Air Pollution

• Riding a bike or walking instead of driving.
• Taking a bus or carpooling.
• Buying a car that has greater fuel efficiency.
• Turning off lights and appliances when they are not in use.
• Using energy efficient light bulbs and appliances.
• Buying fewer things that are manufactured using fossil fuels.

10 Best Ways to Reduce Air Pollution

1. Using public transports.
2. Turn off the lights when not in use.
3. Recycle and Reuse.
4. No to plastic bags.
5. Reduction of forest fires and smoking.
6. Use of fans instead of Air Conditioner.
7. Use filters for chimneys.
8. Avoid usage of crackers.

The Short Answer: Air pollution is caused by solid and liquid particles and certain gases that are suspended in the air. These particles and gases can come from car and truck exhaust, factories, dust, pollen, mold spores, volcanoes and wildfires.

Everyone can take steps to reduce vehicle pollution

1. Ride a bike or walk. If you are only going a short distance, consider riding a bike or walking instead of driving.
2. Take public transit. If you need to go somewhere that is along a bus or light rail line, consider taking public transit instead of going in a car.
3. Carpool.
4. Avoid idling.
5. Use alternative fuels.

This is because over the course of a long drive, your car cabin can accumulate levels of particulate matter and gases. Plus, cars differ in their ability to filter air pollutants and maintain clean cabin air quality.

According to the EPA, motor vehicles collectively cause 75 percent of carbon monoxide pollution in the U.S. The Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) estimates that on-road vehicles cause one-third of the air pollution that produces smog in the U.S., and transportation causes 27 percent of greenhouse gas emissions.

The most common diseases caused by air pollution include ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and acute lower respiratory infections in children. Particulate air pollution has been linked with strokes, which occur when the blood supply to the brain is cut-off.

Air pollution is the cause and aggravating factor of many respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (11,12), asthma (12,13), and lung cancer (14,15).

Air Pollution Diseases

• 40% – ischaemic heart disease.
• 40% – stroke.
• 11% – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• 6% – lung cancer.
• 3% – acute lower respiratory infections in children.

All studies consistently found a higher prevalence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis in areas with higher particulate air pollution. However, there is a need for prospective studies in a larger number of geographical areas to confirm that current urban air pollution is associated with incidence of chronic bronchitis.

What are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?

• Frequent coughing or a cough that produces a lot mucus.
• Wheezing.
• A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe.
• Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity.
• Tightness in your chest.

There is no cure for chronic bronchitis, and treatment is aimed at reducing symptoms and improving lung function.

1. Medications to help suppress the cough or loosen and clear secretions may be helpful.
2. Bronchodilator inhalers will help open airways and decrease wheezing.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis infection (which causes whooping cough) are among the bacteria that cause acute bronchitis.

Infectious bronchitis usually occurs in the winter due to viruses, including the influenza virus. Even after a viral infection has passed, the irritation of the bronchi can continue to cause symptoms. Infectious bronchitis can also be due to bacteria, especially if it follows an upper respiratory viral infection.

White. Thicker white mucus goes along with feelings of congestion and may be a sign that an infection is starting. The white color comes from an increased number of white blood cells. If you have asthma, lots of white phlegm may be a sign of inflamed airways.

What causes bronchitis? Usually, acute bronchitis is brought on by a viral infection, though it may also be caused by a bacterial infection. The flu and colds are examples of viral infections. Chronic bronchitis is usually, but not always, caused by smoking tobacco.

What is the best medication for bronchitis?

Coughing and blowing your nose are the best ways to help mucus fight the good fight. “Coughing is good,” Dr. Boucher says. “When you cough up mucus when you are sick, you are essentially clearing the bad guys—viruses or bacteria—from your body.”

Relief for Acute Bronchitis

1. Drink lots of fluids, especially water. Try eight to 12 glasses a day to help thin out that mucus and make it easier to cough up.
2. Get plenty of rest.
3. Use over-the-counter pain relievers with ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), or aspirin to help with pain.

Sleeping. Lie on your side with a pillow between your legs and your head elevated with pillows. Keep your back straight. Lie on your back with your head elevated and your knees bent, with a pillow under your knees.

Coughing often becomes worse at night because a person is lying flat in bed. Mucus can pool in the back of the throat and cause coughing. Sleeping with the head elevated can decrease postnasal drip and symptoms of GERD, which both cause coughing at night.

Fruits

• blueberries.
• cranberries.
• blackberries.
• prunes.
• strawberries.
• apples & pears (with peel)
• grapes.
• peaches.