Flow control – gauges rate

ICMP (internet control message protocol) reports on the success or failure of data delivery.

Today’s Internet operates over the common network layer datagram protocol, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). In the early 1990s, a new design of addressing scheme was initiated within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) due to the recognized weaknesses of IPv4. The result was IPv6 (see Figure 14.7).

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a unique Cisco innovation. Highly valued for its ease of deployment and fast convergence, EIGRP is commonly used in many large Enterprise networks.

RIP, which stands for routing information protocol, is a commonly used interior gateway protocol (IGP). IGPs, as opposed to exterior gateway protocols (EGPs), distribute routing information within one autonomous system, such as your LAN. OSPF works on the basis of dividing your network into areas.

Transport Layer

Cards

network layer

Which of the following is an application layer service? Explanation: The services provided by the application layer are network virtual terminal, file transfer, access and management, mail services, directory services, various file and data operations.

The application layer is the highest abstraction layer of the TCP/IP model that provides the interfaces and protocols needed by the users. It combines the functionalities of the session layer, the presentation layer and the application layer of the OSI model. It facilitates the user to use the services of the network.

DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet resources. Each device connected to the Internet has a unique IP address which other machines use to find the device. DNS servers eliminate the need for humans to memorize IP addresses such as 192.168.

Advantages

• Generally DNS is the only system in the entire world that can help you browse the internet.
• No need for memorizing IP addresses -DNS servers provide a nifty solution of converting domain or sub domain names to IP addresses.

Best Free & Public DNS Servers (Valid June 2021)

• Google: 8.8. 8.8 & 8.8. 4.4.
• Quad9: 9.9. 9.9 & 149.112. 112.112.
• OpenDNS: 208.67. 222.222 & 208.67. 220.220.
• Cloudflare: 1.1. 1.1 & 1.0. 0.1.
• CleanBrowsing: 185.228. 168.9 & 185.228. 169.9.
• Alternate DNS: 76.76. 19.19 & 76.223. 122.150.
• AdGuard DNS: 94.140. 14.14 & 94.140.

The benefits of DNS are that domain names: can map to a new IP address if the host’s IP address changes. are easier to remember than an IP address. allow organizations to use a domain name hierarchy that is independent of any IP address assignment.

DDNS is considered malignant and must be monitored by security software. DDNS is unable to co-exist on a network subdomain that also uses DNS. Using free DDNS services, threat actors can quickly and easily generate subdomains and change DNS records.

Dynamic DNS (DDNS) is very useful if you need to access internal network services from across the Internet. It isn’t designed for hosting a business website, for that you will need standard web hosting.

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• The Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) is a premium service that assigns your device a fixed domain name even though you are using a dynamic Internet IP Address.
• Why do you need it?
• The DHCP is a router function that changes the IP Address of connected devices periodically.

Security concern? One manufacturer recently discontinued their built-in DDNS service due to cyber security concerns. Security is of course a very serious issue and it is important to understand that DDNS is not in itself a security risk and does not itself introduce vulnerabilities to a network.

Dynamic DNS itself isn’t malicious, but it could be a sign of other problems, absuses or threats to your network’s security.

DDNS does not affect your home network’s security. It doesn’t make your system safer, nor does it make it more vulnerable. The reason is you always have a WAN IP, and that’s all hackers need to attempt to attack your router.

Trusted by billions of people across the globe, “Google DNS Server” has become the most popular option, as “best DNS for gaming”. The biggest feature of Google DNS Server is that it boosts up the browsing experience with enhanced security and gaming experience with lag free and smooth gaming.

It says the connection is not secure because you are viewing the router config over http, not https. This doesn’t really matter because the packets aren’t leaving your network. Someone intercepting your password would have to be in your house. You could try https://router.asus.com.

[Wireless] How to make my router more secure?

1. Set up separate passwords for your wireless network and Web GUI.
2. Use long and more complex passwords.
3. Update your router to the latest firmware.
4. Enable the firewall.
5. Enable AiProtection.
6. Disable the access from WAN.
7. Disable Telnet and SSH.

As most people who use ASUS routers know Trend Micro’s ASUS AiProtection is a bit of a Privacy nightmare but security wise it is quite effective. I have found these Trend Micro Addresses to block, but I’m uncertain if by doing so the security features are also rendered useless.