Which of the following is the correct formula in making stained glass? sand + cobalt oxide + lime + heat.

“Saint-Denis” soon became the abbey church of a growing monastic complex. In the 12th century, the Abbot Suger rebuilt portions of the abbey church using innovative structural and decorative features. In doing so, he is said to have created the first truly Gothic building.

What is a flying buttress? an architectural structure used to provide horizontal strength to a wall.

Gothic sculpture was closely tied to architecture, since it was used primarily to decorate the exteriors of cathedrals and other religious buildings. The earliest Gothic sculptures were stone figures of saints and the Holy Family used to decorate the doorways, or portals, of cathedrals in France and elsewhere.

Gothic architecture began in the earlier 12th century in northwest France and England and spread throughout Latin Europe in the 13th century; by 1300, a first “international style” of Gothic had developed, with common design features and formal language.

Romanesque architecture dating back to the 10th century featured internal buttresses as supporting elements for the inside of church walls. One of the most prominent cathedrals to include flying buttresses was Paris’ Notre Dame which began construction in 1163 and was completed in 1345.

Dark and mysterious themes like the supernatural, madness, and romance prevail in Gothic novels, and the work of famous authors like Mary Shelley, Emily Bronte, and Bram Stoker contributed to the popularity of the genre.

strange characters and settings an overall atmosphere of mystery and suspense unexplained or supernatural events characters’ inability to control their fates high emotions experienced by characters suffering from a sense of doom women threatened by powerful males.

Characteristics of the Gothic Villain or Antagonist The Gothic villain—usually male—is often extremely handsome, intelligent, successful, talented, and/or charming, although there is usually some telltale warning sign to warn us that his looks are deceiving. Gothic villains often pose as innocents or victims.

The villain of a story who either 1) poses as a hero at the beginning of the story or 2) simply possesses enough heroic characteristics (charisma, sympathetic past, physical attractiveness) so that either the reader or the other characters see the villain-hero as more than a simple charlatan or bad guy.

In 1764, Horace Walpole introduced to the world a new genre of literature known as Gothic fiction. He employed elements of the supernatural as well as the everyday in a manner to strike fear into the reader. This movement influenced the philosophy, art, architectural, music and literature of that period.