Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub ecoregions are characterized by hot and dry summers, while winters tend to be cool and moist. Most precipitation arrives during these months.

The main cause of Mediterranean, or dry summer climate, is the subtropical ridge which extends northwards during the summer and migrates south during the winter due to increasing north–south temperature differences.

Mediterranean vegetation, any scrubby, dense vegetation composed of broad-leaved evergreen shrubs, bushes, and small trees usually less than 2.5 m (about 8 feet) tall and growing in regions lying between 30° and 40° north and south latitudes.

Forest: Mediterranean forests are generally composed of broadleaf trees, such as the oak and mixed sclerophyll forests of California and the Mediterranean region, the Eucalyptus forests of Southwest Australia, and the Nothofagus forests of central Chile.

Most of Europe has a temperate climate, with polar climate conditions along much of its northern coast and subtropical conditions along its southern coast.

Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe.

Running through Southern Europe are the Apennines, Pyrenees and Cantabrian ranges, whilst in the North one finds Europe’s second longest range, the Scandinavian Mountains (1,700 km / 1,056 miles).

Vatican City

The Alps remain one of the world’s top travel destinations. ​The highest point is Mount Blanc at 4,810 meters (15,781 feet.) This mountain range is notable not only for its length but also for being the dividing line between Europe and Asia.