The research that has been done on inattentional blindness suggests that there are four possible causes for this phenomenon. These include: conspicuity, mental workload, expectations, and capacity.

The first step in making decisions that are ethically responsible is to determine the facts of the situation. Making an honest effort to understand the situation, to distinguish facts from mere opinion, is essential.

Creativity

Research on a phenomenon known as inattentional blindness suggests that unless we pay close attention, we can miss even the most conspicuous events. Later, the teen insists to his skeptical parents that his eyes were on the road–he was paying attention to his driving. He just never saw the deer.

Change blindness is a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a change in a visual stimulus is introduced and the observer does not notice it. For example, observers often fail to notice major differences introduced into an image while it flickers off and on again.

The phenomenon of change blindness can provide new results on the nature of visual attention, including estimates of its capacity and the extent to which it can bind visual properties into coherent descriptions and it is also shown how the resultant characterization of attention can, in turn, provide new insights into …

Change blindness and inattentional blindness are both failures of visual awareness. Change blindness is the failure to notice an obvious change. Inattentional blindness is the failure to notice the existence of an unexpected item.

Individually mention why each of the major change was needed….Email Notices

1. Make it clear what the announcement email is about.
2. State why the changes are required.
3. State how the changes will affect the users and their accounts.
4. State when the changes will come into effect.

1. Tell the story about what prompted the change. Tell people what inspired you to change your behavior.
2. Get them to talk about their own changes. Admit that you might not see the changes other people are working to make.
3. Ask for their help in your continuous growth.

When it comes to both change blindness and inattentional blindness, certain characteristics can increase a particular person’s perception. We are more likely to notice familiar stimuli or changes that occur in an area where we specialize.

Attention is a limited resource, so selective attention allows us to tune out unimportant details and focus on what matters. This differs from inattentional blindness, which is when you focus hard on one thing and fail to notice unexpected things entering your visual field.

Selective attention refers to the ability to pay attention to a limited array of all available sensory information. Selective attention, as a filter to help prioritize information according to its importance, is adaptive. If attention is too selective, however, it is maladaptive.

Briefly describe external factors that affect selective attention. External factors are related to the features of stimuli. Other things held constant, the size, intensity, and motion of stimuli appear to be important determinants of attention. Large, bright, and moving stimuli easily catch our attention.

The determinants of selective attention are following: (i) The external factors: These are the features of stimuli such as size, intensity, shape etc. (ii) The internal factors: These are present within the individual and can be divided into motivational factors and cognitive factors.

There are a number of factors that determine the selective attention. The size, intensity, and motion of stimuli are considered as important determinants of attention. Large, bright, and moving stimuli easily catch attention. Stimuli, which are novel and moderately complex, also easily get into ones focus.

Attention reduces the impact of external noise in early visual areas, resulting in increased signal to noise ratio and therefore better performance. Attention also enhances stimulus, which does not affect signal to noise ratio in high external noise.

Some examples are: Intensity: the more intense a stimulus is (strength of stimulus) the more likely you are to give attention resources to it. Size: the bigger a stimulus is the more attention resources it captures. Movement: moving stimuli capture more attention that ones that remain static.

External factors  Definite form of the object:  A sharply defined object attracts more attention than a vaguely defined object. Internal Factors  Motives :  The basic drives and urges of the individual are more important in securing his attention.  Hunger , thirst , curiosity and sex are some motives. 24.

We show that attention alters appearance; it boosts the apparent stimulus contrast. These behavioral results are consistent with neurophysiological findings suggesting that attention changes the strength of a stimulus by increasing its ‘effective contrast’ or salience.

In this chapter, we discuss some of the experimental evidence regarding the neural basis of attention, derived from four areas of investigation: (1) sensory physiology; (2) conditioning; (3) inhibitory control processes; and (4) the orienting response (OR) and habituation.

When we are seeing an object or listening to a sound, after few seconds, the attention will be shifted towards other stimulus or other area of the stimulus for a fraction of time and returns to the original stimulus. This process is called fluctuation.

Reflexive attention is semi-autonomous in the sense that the decision process obeys a configuring attentional set that modifies how readily different stimulus attributes will trigger attention. However the actual decision to deploy attention is made directly in response to stimulus onset.