The midbrain is the smallest region of the brain, and is located most centrally within the cranial cavity. Limbic System – the limbic system is often referred to as our “emotional brain”, or ‘childish brain’. It is found buried within the cerebrum and contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus.

Neurons have a large number of extensions called dendrites. They often look likes branches or spikes extending out from the cell body. It is primarily the surfaces of the dendrites that receive chemical messages from other neurons. One extension is different from all the others, and is called the axon.

Neurons have specialize cell parts called dendrites and axons. Dendrites bring electrical signals to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body.

Bipolar cells have two processes, which extend from each end of the cell body, opposite to each other. One is the axon and one the dendrite. Bipolar cells are not very common.

The two types of neuron processes are called dendrites and axons. Dendrites are motor neurons that are short and have a large surface area for receiving signals from other neurons. Dendrites convey incoming messages towards the cell body and are therefore called the receptive input region.

cerebellum

The cerebellum, which means “little brain” in Latin, is in fact shaped like a small brain, and it is primarily responsible for coordinating involuntary movement. The midbrain is, in human beings, the smallest part of the brain.

The cerebellum is often called ‘the little brain’ because it shares many similarities with the cerebrum, the main portion of the brain.

The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity. It is also important for learning motor behaviors.

Damage to the cerebellum can lead to: 1) loss of coordination of motor movement (asynergia), 2) the inability to judge distance and when to stop (dysmetria), 3) the inability to perform rapid alternating movements (adiadochokinesia), 4) movement tremors (intention tremor), 5) staggering, wide based walking (ataxic gait …

Upon injury of the developing mouse cerebellum, endogenous repair mechanisms can heal the brain and prevent behavioral motor deficits.At the right time, with the right cues, the brain can repair itself.

We found that the output of the cerebellum targets the frontal cortex and vice versa. When we disrupt the communication between the two areas of the brain, memory activity is disrupted. Our results show that activity orchestrating a single behavior is coordinated by multiple regions of the brain,” Li said.

One major function of the cerebellum is to coordinate the timing and force of these different muscle groups to produce fluid limb or body movements. Motor learning. The cerebellum is important for motor learning.

The cerebellum is particularly well suited to regulate emotion, as connections with limbic regions, including the amygdala, the hippocampus, and the septal nuclei have been posited [9]. The concept that the cerebellum intervenes in regulating emotions and mood has gained popularity since the 1970s [9, 62].

Even though the cerebellum has so many neurons and takes up so much space, it is possible to survive without it, and a few people have. There are nine known cases of cerebellar agenesis, a condition where this structure never develops. Most scientists, and even regular people, know the basic function of the cerebellum.

Overall, the role of the cerebellum in the motor system appears to be twofold. First, it acts as an integration center. Secondly, the cerebellum functions as a fine-tuner. Therefore, the cerebellum may act as a sensory integrator and a fine-tuner in the auditory system as well.

The most prevalent causes of acute cerebellar ataxia are viruses (e.g., coxsackievirus, rubeola, varicella), traumatic insults, and toxins (e.g., alcohol, barbiturates, antiepileptic drugs) (see Chapter 92).

That’s where her cerebellum should be. It’s the brain region critical for movement and coordination. And apparently, it’s possible for a person to live without it. For example, surgeons have sometimes removed half the brain to stop severe recurring seizures in children.

Problems in the cerebellum can lead to severe mental impairment, movement disorders, epilepsy or a potentially fatal build-up of fluid in the brain. However, in this woman, the missing cerebellum resulted in only mild to moderate motor deficiency, and mild speech problems such as slightly slurred pronunciation.

Eat a healthy diet: All parts of your body can benefit from a healthy diet. Focus on fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, fish, and lean meat. Limit alcohol consumption: Drinking too much alcohol can damage your cerebellum. It can also increase your risk of stroke.

If left untreated, seizures can cause more damage to a child’s brain and disrupt their cognitive development. This can lead to more severe disability. Hemispherectomy can potentially stop the seizures. This can give the brain a chance to reorganize and develop without ongoing disruption.