5 to get an expression for the Hall voltage in terms of the magnetic field: V=Blvd.

In metals, the Hall voltages are generally negative, indicating that the electric current is composed of moving negative charges, or electrons.

The average value of the Hall coefficient was measured to be 0.0113±0.0002m3C−1 and sign of the Hall coefficient was positive corresponding to a carrier type of holes and the sample is a p-type germanium crystal.

magnetic field of the Earth In geomagnetic field: Convective electrojets. Such a current, called a Hall current (after the Hall effect), is always present when an electric field is applied to a conductor containing a magnetic field.

HALL EFFECT. It is used to distinguish the two type of. carries and also determines the density. of charge carrieus. When a magnetic field is applied pes-

The Hall effect is when a magnetic field is applied at right angles to the current flow in a thin film where an electric field is generated, which is mutually perpendicular to the current and the magnetic field and which is directly proportional to the product of the current density and the magnetic induction.

The Hall effect is the movement of charge carriers through a conductor towards a magnetic attraction. With all the flowing electrons of the carried current on one side of the conductor, that side is negatively charged and the other side is positively charged.

3 wires

Both a sensor and a transducer are used to sense a change within the environment they are surrounded by or an object they are attached to, but, a sensor will give an output in the same format and a transducer will convert the measurement into an electrical signal.

How do current sensors work? When current flows through a conductor, it creates a proportional magnetic field around the conductor. The magnetic field produced by the current flowing through your conductor induces a proportional current or voltage in the wire that is within the current sensor.

The ratio of the output voltage is proportional to the magnetic field. During the current sensing process, the current is measured by measuring the magnetic field. The output voltage is very low and needs to be amplified to a useful value by using a high gain amplifier with very low noise.

Current sensing refers to the generation of the voltage signal which is related to the current passing in the circuit. A conventional way of sensing current is to insert a resistor in the path of current to be sensitive. Then we can place the sensed resistor anywhere in series with the circuit it maybe load or switch.

Current Sensor detects the current in a wire or conductor and generates a signal proportional to the detected current either in the form of analog voltage or digital output. Current Sensing is done in two ways – Direct sensing and Indirect Sensing.

A current sensor is a device that detects electric current in a wire and generates a signal proportional to that current. The generated signal can be then used to display the measured current in an ammeter, or can be stored for further analysis in a data acquisition system, or can be used for the purpose of control.

The most common way to measure current is to sense the voltage drop across a shunt or current-sense resistor. To achieve a highly accurate measurement of the current, you’ll need to examine the parametric values of both the resistor and current-sense amplifier.

Supplies:

1. Arduino Uno or equivalent and programming wire.
2. OP- Amp LM358.
3. Jumper wires.
4. 100 KOhm resistor.
5. 220 KOhm resistor.
6. 10 Kohm resistor.
7. Veroboard or Zero PCB board.
8. Shunt(8 to 10 milliohms)

If the current to be measured is passing through a known resistor R, hook the nodes of the resistor to two analog pins on the arduino. Use analogread() function to find the two node voltages. Calculate the difference to get the voltage drop across the resistor. Then I = V/R.