The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 of the periodic table. They are the most stable due to having the maximum number of valence electrons their outer shell can hold.

Cobalt Cobalt (Co)

“P block” elements are all those in groups 13-18 and always end with 1 or more “p” electrons. For example, all the elements in group 13, beginning with boron, end with “p1”. All of the elements in group 16, beginning with oxygen, end with “p4”.

The boron family contains the semi-metal boron (B) and metals aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), and thallium (Tl). Boron is the fifth element of the periodic table (Z=5), located in Group 13. It is classified as a metalloid due it its properties that reflect a combination of both metals and nonmetals.

The main point of differences are, (1) Boron is a typical non- metal whereas other members are metals. (2) Boron is a bad conductor of electricity whereas other metals are good conductors. (5) Boron forms only covalent compounds whereas aluminium and other elements of group 13 form even some ionic compounds.

Because n is a very large number, the energy gap between each of the bonding orbitals is too small to measure. They become a band of orbitals, called the valence band….Electrical Conductivity.

The thermal stability order for group 14 halides is:

• A. GeX2
• B. SiX2
• C. SiX2
• D. PbX2

-That is why the correct order of ionisation energy is C < O < N < F.

F > O > N : first ionization enthalpy is the statement not correct.

So correct order is CN.

O2−​ has lower ionization energy than any other. Since it has contained more numbers of electrons in its molecular orbital hence the effective nuclear charge was decreased.

N has highest ionization energy because of stable exactly half filled 2p orbitals.

Re: Carbon vs. Nitrogen Ionization Trend. nitrogen has an ionization energy of 1400 kJ/mol while carbon has an energy of 1086 kJ/mol. Therefore as expected, nitrogen has higher energy than carbon.