Glucose is the molecule normally used for respiration – it is the main respiratory substrate . Glucose is oxidised to release its energy.

During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation.

Aerobic respiration Glucose and oxygen react together in cells to produce carbon dioxide and water and releases energy. The reaction is called aerobic respiration because oxygen from the air is needed for it to work.

Plants produce sugar and oxygen in a process called photosynthesis, by using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. This is an important process on Earth, since it removes carbon dioxide from the air and provides food for us. Photosynthesis happens in small compartments within the plant cells, called chloroplasts.

Sugarcane

SUGAR CROPS AND SWEETENERS AND DERIVED PRODUCTS) There are two major sugar crops: sugar beets and sugar cane. However, sugar and syrups are also produced from the sap of certain species of maple trees, from sweet sorghum when cultivated explicitly for making syrup and from sugar palm.

Sugar Processing

1. • Harvesting. Sugar cane and sugar beets are typically harvested from fields mechanically.
2. Washing and Initial Preparation.
3. Juice Extraction.
4. Purification of Juice.
5. Crystallization.
6. Centrifugation.
7. • Drying and Packaging.

Sugar comes from two sources: sugar cane and sugar beets. Sugar cane is a true grass that grows in temperate to tropical climates.

Louisiana ranks first in the US in sugarcane acreage harvested and second in production, with 49% of the US acreage and 43% of the US production. Including fallow land, 550,000 acres are grown by 804 producers with 400,000 harvested for sugar and 28,000 acres harvested for seed.

Global players

Sugar cane is a grass native to Asia and grows mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. In terms of the U.S. sugar cane production by state, it is mainly concentrated in the federal states of Florida, Louisiana, Texas and Hawaii.

The United States imports sugar under a system of import quotas, which are also called tariff-rate quotas (TRQs). The TRQs set limits on how much sugar can be shipped to the United States every year from each of the 40 countries that exported sugar to the United States 35 years ago.

Most of the sugar will come from Mexico, because trade agreements give Mexico first dibs on the American market. The U.S. hasn’t imported so much sugar since 1981, back when Americans consumed more sugar and less high-fructose corn syrup.

The first chemically refined sugar appeared on the scene in India about 2,500 years ago. From there, the technique spread east towards China, and west towards Persia and the early Islamic worlds, eventually reaching the Mediterranean in the 13th century. Cyprus and Sicily became important centres for sugar production.

Studies have shown spikes in sugar intake suppress your immune system. When your immune system is compromised, you are more likely to get sick. If you eat a lot of foods and beverages high in sugar or refined carbohydrates, which the body processes as sugar, you may be reducing your body’s ability to ward off disease.

India

Here are the 10 countries with the highest sugar production: Brazil (37,300,000)…Sugar Producing Countries 2021.