These countries include Belize, Botswana, Cameroon (co-official with French), Eswatini (Swaziland), Fiji, Guyana, Ghana, India, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Malaysia, Malta, the Marshall Islands, Mauritius, the Federated States of Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines.

The UK is an island nation, but shares a open land border with Ireland. It neighbours several countries by sea, including France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Islands and Iceland.

England to France is only about 22 miles and one can see across if you are on high ground in good conditions. England to Ireland is much further . More like 170 miles Liverpool to Dublin. Nearest crossing points are in Wales which is in between England and Ireland.

Scotland is a part of the United Kingdom (UK) and occupies the northern third of Great Britain. Scotland’s mainland shares a border with England to the south. It is home to almost 800 small islands, including the northern isles of Shetland and Orkney, the Hebrides, Arran and Skye.

For those years, York was effectively the capital of England. The first was his expulsion of Jews from England in 1290. The Jewish community in York, revived after the massacre of 1190, had once included some of the wealthiest figures in the city but they had been made penniless by excessive taxation.

Japanese has a long history of borrowing from foreign languages. Words are taken from English for concepts that do not exist in Japanese, but also for other reasons, such as a preference for English terms or fashionability – many gairaigo have Japanese near-synonyms.

Yet despite this growth, studies estimate that less than 30 percent of Japanese speak English at any level at all. Less than 8 percent and possibly as little as 2 percent speak English fluently.