Denmark

The Roman term jus gentium, the law of nations, described legal rules pertaining generally to foreigners when specific foreign rules were unknown or in conflict. These were rules thought to be so basic that they were shared by all nations.

Civil law practitioners, however, traditionally refer to their system in a broad sense as jus commune. The civil law system is the most widespread system of law in the world, in force in various forms in about 150 countries.

In the context of the French system, the Administrative Law is taken to mean the law according to which actions by the citizens against officials for wrongful acts committed in their official capacity are tried not by ordinary courts of law but by special administrative courts manned by civil servants.

Conseil d’Etat

Administrative law attempts to control the powers of the government, and its agencies. To achieve the object Administrative law provides an effective mechanism and adequate protection. It helps to bring a balance between two conflicting forces individual rights and public interest.

The French legal system is based entirely on written civil law. The system of administrative law was laid down by Napoleon and is appropriately called the code Napoléon (Napoleonic code). The code governs all branches of French law and includes the code civil, the code fiscal and the code pénal.

France is a civil law system which means it places a greater emphasis on statutes as found within various codes, instead of case law.

France. In France, a defendant is entitled to a jury trial only when prosecuted for a felony (crime in French). The only court that tries by jury is the cour d’assises, in which three professional judges sit together with six or nine jurors (on appeal).

French courts are presided over by Juges (Judges) also known as Magistrats (magistrates). The judge who is appointed to the case is in charge of preparing the case and assessing whether it should come to court.

A person aged 18 or above may apply for French citizenship by naturalization after five years’ habitual and continuous residence in France (if married and with children, then the applicant must be living in France with his/her family).

The Court of cassation

Today. Today, examining magistrates (juges d’instruction) are one of four types of French magistrates, the others being trial judges (magistrats de siège), public prosecutors (magistrats debout), and policymaking and administrative magistrates at the Ministry of Justice.

The court is not able to independently investigate allegations that an offence may have been committed. That is generally the role of the NSW Police. Based on their inquiries, the Director of Public Prosecutions may be asked to advise whether a criminal charge could be successfully prosecuted.

Under the Judicial Conduct and Disability Act, chief judges and circuit judicial councils, and the Judicial Conference of the United States, when appropriate, investigate and resolve any submitted claim that a judge “has engaged in conduct prejudicial to the effective and expeditious administration of the business of …

The Court of Cassation (French: Cour de cassation [kuʁ də ka. It has jurisdiction over all civil and criminal matters triable in the judicial system, and is the supreme court of appeal in these cases.

National agencies. France has two national police forces: The Police Nationale, formerly called the “Sûreté”, is considered a civilian police force. Its origins date back to 1812 and was created by Eugène François Vidocq.

It was established by the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 to ensure that constitutional principles and rules are upheld. It is housed in the Palais-Royal, Paris….Constitutional Council (France)

President of the Republic

Juge d’instruction, (French: judge of inquiry) in France, magistrate responsible for conducting the investigative hearing that precedes a criminal trial.

The political system of France consists of an executive branch, a legislative branch, and a judicial branch. Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government. The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers.

The Constitutional Council is comprised of nine members who are appointed for nine-year terms. The members are appointed by the President of the Republic and the presidents of each of the Houses of Parliament (National Assembly and Senate).