highlighting the source. asking permission to use the source. repeating the content of the writing exactly.

Oxford Dictionary defines “bias” as “Inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair. ” D The phrase “an opinion favoring one viewpoint” best explains the term “bias”.

Bias. A systematic error in design or conduct of study that leads to an incorrect estimate of association.

The correct answer is B. Bias is the set of preferences or prejudices a writer has about a subject. Explanation: In social studies, bias is a common phenomenon that occurs as historians, geographers, etc.

Primary sources are materials directly related to a topic by time or participation. These materials include letters, speeches, diaries, newspaper articles from the time, oral history interviews, documents, photographs, artifacts, or anything else that provides firsthand accounts about a person or event.

MLA 8th Edition Style Guide: MLA 8th Edition Format MLA style is a system for documenting sources in scholarly writing. Entries in the list of works cited are composed of facts common to most works—the MLA core elements. Works are cited in the text with brief parenthetical citations keyed to the list of works cited.

While MLA 8 is described by the MLA as a “groundbreaking new edition” that reinvents the citation process in a format-neutral way, the citations it produces are for the most part quite similar to those produced following MLA 7.

The MLA Handbook is currently in its 9th edition, published in 2021. This quick guide to MLA style explains the latest guidelines for citing sources and formatting papers according to MLA.

MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities.

Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number. Number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin.

The new, ninth edition builds on the MLA’s unique approach to documenting sources using a template of core elements—facts, common to most sources, like author, title, and publication date—that allows writers to cite any type of work, from books, e-books, and journal articles in databases to song lyrics, online images.

The correct MLA heading is found on the first page of your paper. It includes your name, instructor, course, and date. MLA format also has a running header with the page number and your last name. It is right-aligned and found on each page.

What’s New in the Ninth Edition of the MLA Handbook (Spring 2021)

• updated guidelines on avoiding plagiarism.
• a new chapter on formatting a research paper.
• new, expanded guidelines on spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and more.
• a new chapter on using notes in MLA style.

The Modern Language Association (MLA) is an organization responsible for developing MLA format. It was developed as a means for researchers, students, and scholars in the literature and language fields to use a uniform way to format their papers and assignments.

Author/Editor (if available). “Title of Article (if applicable).” Title of Website/Database/Book. Version or Edition. Publisher information (the organization/institution affiliated with the site), date of publication.

Why Use MLA? Using MLA Style properly makes it easier for readers to navigate and comprehend a text through familiar cues that refer to sources and borrowed information. Editors and instructors also encourage everyone to use the same format so there is consistency of style within a given field.

MLA Style creates rules for students to follow when writing and formatting papers. Using MLA Style not only helps your instructors read and understand your work, but the act of creating citations and citing sources helps prevent plagiarism.

How to setup MLA formatting in Word 2016

1. On the Home tab, click the arrow that expands Paragraph Settings.
2. On the Layout tab, click Margins and select Normal (1″ on all sides).
3. Click on the Insert tab.
4. Type your last name and hit the space bar once.

APA is the style of documentation of sources used by the American Psychological Association. This form of writing research papers is used mainly in the social sciences, like psychology, anthropology, sociology, as well as education and other fields.

The Modern Language Association (MLA) establishes values for acknowledging sources used in a research paper. MLA citation style uses a simple two-part parenthetical documentation system for citing sources: Citations in the text of a paper point to the alphabetical Works Cited list that appears at the end of the paper.

All MLA citations contain the applicable core elements: author, title, container, other contributors, version, number, publisher, date, and location.

Basic MLA Rules

• All citations should be double spaced.
• Indent after the first line of each entry (hanging indent)
• Entries are not numbered; Alphabetize by the first word of the entry.
• If no author is listed, begin with title.

For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list. APA in-text citation style uses the author’s last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14).

Example Citations: Articles

1. AuthorLastName, AuthorFirstName. “Article Title.” Journal Title, Version, Number, Publication Date, Page Numbers.
2. L’Ambrosch, Zampoun and Teodolinda Roncaglia.
3. Newspaper Article from an Online Database.
4. Newspaper Article from Web or Print Source.

A citation is a reference to the source of information used in your research. Any time you directly quote, paraphrase or summarize the essential elements of someone else’s idea in your work, an in-text citation should follow.

Two Types of Citations Works cited page (MLA) or reference list (APA) citations give all of the information your reader would need to find your source.

Generally, a citation will include: the name of the book, article, or other resource; the name of its author; information (if applicable) about the journal it came from; the date it was published; and when it was accessed if it was read online.

How to do I choose a citation style?

• APA (American Psychological Association) is used by Education, Psychology, and Sciences.
• MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities.
• Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History, and the Fine Arts.