The origin of machismo can be traced to pre-Columbian times and has been influenced by both indigenous and European forms of masculinity. As early as the 1930s, scholars attempted to articulate the true meaning of machismo, which has often been misconstrued.

a strong sense of masculine pride

In Latin American culture, machismo is a social behavior pattern in which the Latino male exhibits an overbearing attitude to anyone in a position he perceives as inferior to his, demanding complete subservience.

The various characteristics attributed to machismo in the social science literature include: male domination and female subordination; the control of female behavior and sexuality; the use of physical and verbal aggression; drunkenness; the refusal to do anything perceived to be feminine; a strong sexual drive with …

It is associated with “a man’s responsibility to provide for, protect, and defend his family”. Machismo is strongly and consistently associated with dominance, aggression, exhibition, and nurturance. In most Latin cultures, the man is to lead the family and enforces discipline.

Hostile sexism reflects misogyny (i.e., the hatred of women by men) and is expressed through blatant negative evaluations of women. Examples of hostile sexism include beliefs about women as incompetent, unintelligent, overly emotional, and sexually manipulative.

Institutional sexism refers to gender discrimination reflected in the policies and practices of organizations such as governments, corporations (workplaces), public institutions (schools, health care), and financial institutions.

English language The character of Misogynos is the origin of the term misogynist in English. The term was fairly rare until the mid-1970s. The publication of feminist Andrea Dworkin’s 1974 critique Woman Hating popularised the idea. The term misogyny entered the lexicon of second-wave feminism.

Most contemporary societies are, in practice, patriarchal.

They acquired resources to defend, and power shifted to the physically stronger males. Fathers, sons, uncles and grandfathers began living near each other, property was passed down the male line, and female autonomy was eroded. As a result, the argument goes, patriarchy emerged.

Differentiating sexism from other types of bias, AST articulates the two-pronged nature of sexism: (1) hostile sexism (HS) is antipathy toward women who violate traditional gender norms, while (2) benevolent sexism (BS) is prosocial treatment of women who fulfill traditional gender roles.

Benevolent sexism encompasses subjectively positive (for the sexist) attitudes toward women in traditional roles: protective paternalism, idealization of women, and desire for intimate relations.

Hostile and benevolent sexism are complementary, cross-culturally prevalent ideologies, both of which predict gender inequality. Women, as compared with men, consistently reject hostile sexism but often endorse benevolent sexism (especially in the most sexist cultures).

Machismo is a group of attitudes that allows the male to overly assert his presence on women, but also around other men (as in the case of excessive alcohol abuse).