Ratified or acceded states

The Iran nuclear deal framework was a preliminary framework agreement reached in 2015 between the Islamic Republic of Iran and a group of world powers: the P5+1 (the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, and China—plus Germany) and the European …

In July 2017 the Trump administration certified that Iran had upheld the agreement, but in October 2017 the Trump administration refused to recertify Iran’s compliance with the deal, saying that “Iran has violated the agreement multiple times.”

Four UN member states have never accepted the NPT, three of which possess or are thought to possess nuclear weapons: India, Israel, and Pakistan….

Conclusions. The NPT is not only still relevant, it will continue to be the essential cornerstone of the non-proliferation regime. Confidence in non-proliferation is essential for nuclear disarmament to proceed.

July 1, 1968: The NPT is opened for signature and signed by the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Article IX of the treaty established that entry into force would require the treaty’s ratification by those three countries (the treaty’s depositories) and 40 additional states.

The NPT is a landmark international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also referred to as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), obligates the five acknowledged nuclear-weapon states (the United States, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, France, and China) not to transfer nuclear weapons, other nuclear explosive devices, or …

Pakistan is a member of some multilateral programs, including the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT). Pakistan is not a signatory to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and is the sole country blocking negotiations of the Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty (FMCT).

It is not an NPT signatory probably because that has been a low priority for its government. The advantage in joining the NPT is in gaining access to nuclear technology, something South Sudan has little use for at present.

Israel is not a party to the NPT and never signed or ratified the Biological Weapons Convention and signed but never ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention.

A total of 190 states have acceded to the NPT, while four – India, Pakistan, Israel and South Sudan – have not. North Korea declared its withdrawal from the Treaty in January 2003 and its final status has been left open by the NPT community since then. Germany acceded to the Treaty on 2 May 1975.

Israel is widely believed to possess weapons of mass destruction, and to be one of four nuclear-armed countries not recognized as a Nuclear Weapons State by the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Officially, Israel neither confirms nor denies possessing nuclear weapons.

The NPT has failed to achieve its principal purpose of preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons in a number of countries. Israel, Pakistan, and North Korea cite serious threats from surrounding Arab countries, India, and the United States respectively as reasons for acquiring nuclear weapons.

With the adherence of 190 countries, the NPT is close to universal world participation. In 1995 the Treaty was extended indefinitely, after its initial period of 25 years. The NPT remains unique as there is no other international agreement based on a bargain between nuclear- and non-nuclear-weapon states.

The NPT is one of the most widely signed international legal treaties. Since it opened for signature in 1968 and entered into force in 1970, 190 out of 194 UN-recognized states have signed. A cursory glance at its articles may suggest that the NPT is fair and unbiased and that the grand bargain was upheld.

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