Deliberative argument refers to a collaborative argumentative exchange in which speakers hold incompatible views and seek to resolve these differences to arrive at a consensual decision.

Grammar, logic, and rhetoric were essential to a classical education, as explained in Plato’s dialogues. The three subjects together were denoted by the word trivium during the Middle Ages, but the tradition of first learning those three subjects was established in ancient Greece.

Ethos, Pathos, and Logos are referred to as the 3 Persuasive Appeals (Aristotle coined the terms) and are all represented by Greek words. They are modes of persuasion used to convince audiences.

When giving a speech of presentation, you should usually tell why the recipient is receiving the award, explain the purpose and criteria of the award, and limit your remarks to four or five minutes. An acceptance speech gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition.

Key Points

1. Plan appropriately.
2. Practice.
3. Engage with your audience.
4. Pay attention to body language.
5. Think positively.
6. Cope with your nerves.
7. Watch recordings of your speeches.

A speaker’s nonverbal communication influences how audience members perceive which two of the following? When giving a presentation, nervousness is only dysfunctional when a speaker: cannot deliver the content.

People often ask me when it is best to present when competing in a proposal process . . . first, middle or last. The answer, if you can arrange it, is last. The reason is based on something psychologists call the “recency effect.”

All types of presentations consist of three basic parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. In general, the introduction should be about 10-15% of your speaking time, the body around 75%, and the conclusion only 10%.