What would you have noticed about Raisin 2 during baking? Raisin 2 is moving away from you at a speed of 2 cm/hr. ccording to modern science, what was the approximate chemical composition of the solar nebula? The terrestrial planets are made almost entirely of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.

The key point is this: It does not matter which raisin you observe from; in an expanding raisin cake — or an expandinguniverse — all observers see all the other raisins (galaxies) moving away, with more distant raisins (galaxies) moving faster.

Like Kepler’s Laws, Hubble’s Law is an empirical law. Hubble discovered a relationship between two measurable properties of galaxies: their velocities and their distances. Given this relationship, though, it naturally leads to several questions.

The analogy shows that if you lived in an expanding raisin cake, you would see all other raisins moving away from yours, with more distant ones moving faster. This is exactly what we observe for galaxies outside our Local Group, which is why we conclude that we live in an expanding universe.

Answer: Thomson proposed a model, sometimes called the “plum pudding” or “raisin cake” model, in which thousands of tiny, negatively charged corpuscles swarm inside a sort of cloud of massless positive charge. This theory was struck down by Thomson’s own former student, Ernest Rutherford.

approximately 13.8 billion years

The largest known star in the universe is UY Scuti, a hypergiant with a radius around 1,700 times larger than the sun.

He said SPLUS J2104−0049 – a red giant star with about 80 percent of the mass of the sun – is at least 10 billion years old and possibly just a few million years younger than the universe itself, which astronomers estimate is 13.8 billion years old.

Since around 1997–2003, the problem is believed to have been solved by most cosmologists: modern cosmological measurements lead to a precise estimate of the age of the universe (i.e. time since the Big Bang) of 13.8 billion years, and recent age estimates for the oldest objects are either younger than this, or …

The problem is, that the universe is only 13.787 billion years old, give or take 20 million years. This would mean that somehow, the Methuselah star was older than the universe. Observations from the Hubble space telescope help determine the age of the star better, giving it a kind of a birth certificate.

It’s the youngest neutron star ever discovered: 33 years old. The Cassiopeia A supernova remnant was not visible to the naked eye, but astronomers have determined [+]

Throughout most of a star’s life, it is burning hydrogen at its core, which creates lots of energy and thus makes it appear blue. As stars age, they run out of hydrogen to burn, decreasing the amount of energy they emit.

Red stars

Blue

It is true as a Penn State University astronomer using NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Spitzer Space Telescopes has discovered a “brown dwarf” star that appears to be the coldest of its kind. The star has been named WISE J085510. 83-071442.5.

Summary. Stars exist in a range of colors: red, orange, yellow, green, white and blue with red being the coolest and blue being the hottest. A star’s color indicates it’s temperature, composition and relative distance from earth.

Similarly, stars twinkle because their light has to pass through several miles of Earth’s atmosphere before it reaches the eye of an observer. In outer space, where there is no atmosphere, stars do not twinkle.

Stars die because they exhaust their nuclear fuel. Really massive stars use up their hydrogen fuel quickly, but are hot enough to fuse heavier elements such as helium and carbon. Once there is no fuel left, the star collapses and the outer layers explode as a ‘supernova’.

Since neutrinos travel at the speed of light, they will always keep their 3 hour head start. Thus, unless you have a neutrino detector buried a few miles below your house, you’re unlikely to be the first to observe a naked eye supernova, even with a telescope pointed directly at the star.

Most stars take millions of years to die. When a star like the Sun has burned all of its hydrogen fuel, it expands to become a red giant. After puffing off its outer layers, the star collapses to form a very dense white dwarf. …

about 100 seconds

On average, a supernova will occur about once every 50 years in a galaxy the size of the Milky Way. Put another way, a star explodes every second or so somewhere in the universe, and some of those aren’t too far from Earth. But with the right amount of mass, a star can burn out in a fiery explosion.

The Short Answer: Our Sun is an average sized star: there are smaller stars and larger stars, even up to 100 times larger. Many other solar systems have multiple suns, while ours just has one. Our Sun is 864,000 miles in diameter and 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit on the surface.

The last element to be produced before a large-mass star explodes in a supernova explosion is gold (T/F). In the last stages of its life, a high-mass star has an iron-rich core surrounded by concentric shells hosting the various thermonuclear reactions (T/F).

If the core is larger, it will collapse into a black hole. To turn into a neutron star, a star must start with about 7 to 20 times the mass of the Sun before the supernova. Only stars with more than 20 times the mass of the Sun will become black holes.

When the hydrogen in the centre of the star is depleted, the star’s core shrinks and heats up. This causes the outer part of the star, the star’s atmosphere, which is still mostly hydrogen, to start to expand. The star becomes larger and brighter and its surface temperature cools so it glows red.

element iron