Some of the negative impacts that are associated with colonization include; degradation of natural resources, capitalist, urbanization, introduction of foreign diseases to livestock and humans. Change of the social systems of living. Nevertheless, colonialism too impacted positively on the economies and social systems.

What factors prevented sub-Saharan Africa from being colonized prior to the 19th century? Europeans had contact with sub-Saharan peoples, but large African armies kept Europeans out of Africa for 400 years. In addition, European travel was hindered by difficult rivers and African diseases like malaria.

From its first use in Africa by early explorers to its use by colonists once colonial rule was established, quinine enabled the expansion of British power in Africa until that power reached its colonial height.

Steel steamships (and other technologies) helped European empires expand inland in Africa and Asia; and once quinine had been discovered, exploration of the former continent was made much easier.

The steam engine allowed Europeans to travel upstream to establish bases of control deeper within the continent. Railroads allowed for faster transportation and communication within a colony, and between the colony & its controlling nation. Europeans had a cure for malaria (Quinine)

Steam ships gave nations a huge advantage in terms of “penetration and conquest of non-Western areas”. They allowed troops and merchants to access hard-to-get-to places, deep in land, through rivers that previous sailing boats and warships would have found very difficult to sail through.

The next three chapters examine the three technical and scientific breakthroughs that had the most impact on the New Imperialism of the nineteenth century: steamboats, medical technologies, and firearms.

Many tools of imperialism were simply ideas. However, physical tools were used too. Weapons, railroads, and radios helped imperialists control large and distant territories more effectively. Imperialists used their knowledge of these technologies to claim that they were superior to the people they wanted to rule.

Many tools of imperialism were simply ideas. However, physical tools like advanced weapons, railroads, telegraphs, and radios were used too. These tools helped imperialists control large territories in faraway countries. Imperialists said these technologies made them better than their colonial subjects.

To establish control of an area, Europeans used different techniques. Over time, four forms of colonial control emerged: colony, protec- torate, sphere of influence, and economic imperialism. These terms are defined and discussed in the chart on page 780.

Steamboats powered the push of white settlement into Indian territory, and facilitated the commercial development of the Mississippi Valley into perhaps the most profitable land in the world. The “Cotton Kingdom” was created by steamboat imperialism.

Imperialism is never considered as a good cause and effect. At first when it occurs it may seem as a positive effect, but in the long run, for example in this case it was a negative effect.

The only two countries in the world that I can think of that never fought a civil war are Australia and New Zealand but the case of New Zealand is iffy because British settlers fought Maoris and Maoris are recognized as full fledged citizens of New Zealand.