The first two-party system consisted of the Federalist Party, which supported the ratification of the Constitution, and the Democratic-Republican Party or the Anti-Administration party (Anti-Federalists), which opposed the powerful central government that the Constitution established when it took effect in 1789.

Federalists wanted a strong central government. They believed that a strong central government was necessary if the states were going to band together to form a nation. A strong central government could represent the nation to other countries.

Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s saw the emergence of a two-party political system, the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, centred on the differing views on federal government …

A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a country’s elections. It is common for the members of a political party to have similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or policy goals.

Today, America is a multi-party system. The Democratic Party and the Republican Party are the most powerful. Yet other parties, such as the Reform, Libertarian, Socialist, Natural Law, Constitution, and Green Parties can promote candidates in a presidential election.

They are part of what is known as the party organization. The party organization is the formal structure of the political party, and its active members are responsible for coordinating party behavior and supporting party candidates.

A Political Party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good.

Bharatiya Jana Sangh

We cannot consider one party system as a good option. Any democratic system must allow at least two parties to compete in elections and provide a fair change for the competing parties to come to power. (2) Bi-Party System : In some countries power usually changes between two main parties.

Various challenges faced by political parties:

• Lack of internal democracy.
• Increased dependence on money and muscle power.
• Failure to provide a meaningful choice to the voters.

The functions performed by the political parties are:

• They contest elections.
• They introduce various policies and programmes for the people.
• They play an important role in decision-making to legislate and execute.
• These parties, when successful in elections, form and run the government.

The three challenges faced by Political parties in India are:

• Lack of internal democracy. All over the world, there is a tendency of political parties towards the concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top.
• No Transparency.
• Money and Muscle Power.

Political parties inform the people about the working of the ruling party. They talk about the problems of the state, the working and failure of the government and give suggestion for the upliftment of masses. Political party acts as a link between government and masses.

Any democratic system must consent at least two parties to compete in elections and offer a fair change for the competing parties to come to power. In some countries power typically changes between two main parties and this is called bi-party system.

When several parties in a multi-party system join hands for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power it is called an alliance or a front.

A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called allies.

A political alliance, also known as a coalition or bloc, is cooperation by members of different political parties, in countries with a parliamentary system, on a common agenda of some kind. This usually involves formal agreements between two or more entire parties.

6 (Dec. The Alliance Party is a centrist American political party that was formed in 2019, and has gained affiliations with the American Party of South Carolina, Independence Party of Minnesota, Independent Party of Connecticut, Independence Party of New York and Reform Party of Florida.

A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. The usual reason for such an arrangement is that no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election.

A coalition is an organization of diverse interest groups that join their human and material resources to produce a specific change that they are unable to deliver as independent individuals or separate organizations.

Answer : The coalition government implies power sharing by two or more political parties. In the coalition government, small political parties are more important and powerful.

1. It is a type of government where two or more parties make a alliance to form a government usually in a democracy . Usually after the result of an election when no party has gained enough seats (*elected candidate*) to form a government representing the majority.

India. In India if an election results in a ‘hung assembly’ in one of the state Legislative Assemblies and no party is capable of gaining confidence then fresh elections are announced to be held as soon as possible. Until this occurs President’s Rule is applied.