Facts about the Jumano They were a peaceful tribe and covered themselves with tatoos. These Jumanos were nomadic, and wandered along what is known today as the Colorado, the Rio Grande, and the Concho rivers. The Jumanos were good hunters. They hunted wild buffalo.

chief Juan Sabeata

Historians call them the Pueblo Jumano because they lived in villages. Each Jumano village had its own leader and its own government. Government is a system for ruling or running a town or country. Like other Pueblo people, the Jumano were farmers.

By the end of the seventeenth century, when Apache dominance extended into the lower Rio Grande valley and reached eastward to the upper Brazos and Colorado Rivers, the Jumanos had lost their entire territorial base, their trade routes were broken, and they ceased to exist as an identifiably distinct people.

The Arapaho, Assiniboine, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Gros Ventre, Kiowa, Plains Apache, Plains Cree, Plains Ojibwe, Sarsi, Shoshone, Sioux, and Tonkawa. and were all nomadic tribes who followed the buffalo herds and lived in tipis.

The Jumano may have disappeared by 1750 as a result of warfare, slavery, and infectious diseases brought over by Spanish explorers. As the 17th century came to an end the Spanish were no longer interested in their alliance with the Jumano and moved toward building an alliance with the Caddo in east Texas.

Today, Comanche Nation enrollment equals 15,191, with their tribal complex located near Lawton, Oklahoma within the original reservation boundaries that they share with the Kiowa and Apache in Southwest Oklahoma.

This route was broken around 1690, when Apache bands pushed eastward to the upper Colorado and the Brazos. Thereafter, the Jumanos had no intact territorial base, and their activities as traders came to an end.

Christian missionary efforts date as early as 1630, and by 1682, Jumano chief Juan Sabeata traded the souls of his people for protection from the Apache. Jumano’s receptivity to Christian teachings was often motivated by practical interests in protection and trade.

Indian Nations of Texas

• Alabama-Coushatta. Though recognized as two separate tribes, the Alabamas and Coushattas have long been considered one tribe culturally.
• Anadarko. The Anadarkos lived in East Texas in present-day Nacogdoches and Rusk counties.
• Apache.
• Arapaho.
• Biloxi.
• Caddo.
• Cherokee.
• Cheyenne.

The recorded history of Texas begins with the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadors in the region of North America now known as Texas in 1519, who found the region occupied by numerous Native American tribes.

We currently have pages for the Apache, Comanche, Caddo, Kiowa, Cherokee, Coushatta, Kickapoo, and Wichita tribes.

The name Texas is derived from the word “teyshas” (meaning friends or allies), from the native American Caddo language. All State Name Origins. In the 1540s Spanish explorers took “teyshas” to be a tribal name, recording it as Teyas or Tejas.

Texas’ Flagship Flora

• Texas State Flower: Bluebonnets.
• Texas State Plant: Prickly Pear Cactus.
• Texas State Native Pepper: Chile Pequin.
• Texas State Grass: Sideoats Grama.
• Texas State Native Shrub: Texas Purple Sage.
• Texas State Insect: Monarch Butterfly.