The state of Indian Industrial sector on the eve of independence was as follows: (a) De-industrialisation—Decline of Indian Handicraft Industry. Britishers followed the policy of systematically de-industrialising India. (ii) to sell British manufactured goods in Indian market at higher prices.

The Indian economy was an agro-based economy on the eve of independence. 75% of the Indian population was earning a livelihood from agriculture. Despite being a primary source of income for a major population, this sector faced a decline under the British rule.

The state of Indian industrial sector on the eve of independence was as follows: De-industrialisation—Decline of Indian Handicraft Industry. Britishers followed the policy of systematically de-industrialising India. The primary motive behind the de-industrialisation by the British government was two-fold.

Explanation: ) The main reason for the slow rate of growth of population during the British rule were poverty, malnutrition, famines, epidemics and poor health facilities.

It helped in movement of Indian goods and provided market for Indian producers. It integrated the markets and increased the trade. It facilitated the investment in different industries as now the movement of finished goods became easy. Jute, Cotton, Iron and steel industries were established in times to come.

Railway being an important part of service sector also contributing to nation’s economic development directly as well as indirectly. Service sector is gradually improving its share in employment. Capacity building on existing routes will help in carrying more and more freight, also in increasing passenger travelling.

Some of the positive contributions made by British are (i) Introduction of Railways The introduction of railways by the British was a breakthrough in the development process of Indian Economy. It opened up the cultural and geographical barriers and facilitated commercialization of Indian agriculture.

Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Railways also make it possible to conduct many activities like business, sightseeing, and pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances.

Mathura junction

Sikkim

Meghalaya

Last railway stations in India India’s northernmost railway station is Baramulla in Jammu and Kashmir, and the westernmost is Naliya near Gujarat’s Bhuj. Kanyakumari is the last railway station in the south, while on the east, it is Ledo on branch line from Tinsukia.

The first railway on Indian sub-continent ran over a stretch of 21 miles from Bombay to Thane. The idea of a railway to connect Bombay with Thane, Kalyan and with the Thal and Bhore Ghats inclines first occurred to Mr. George Clark, the Chief Engineer of the Bombay Government, during a visit to Bhandup in 1843.

2020, the route length of Indian Railways covered 67,956 kms with running track length of 99,235 kms. The total trackage including yards, sidings etc. stood at 1,26,366 kms….Indian Railways.

Trivia. The longest National Highway is NH44, which runs between Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir and Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, covering a distance of 3,806 km (2,365 mi).

Maharashtra

The Modi government’s privatisation plan entails profits for the private players and losses for the public. It is no secret that the Indian Railways is in dire need of funds. As per an economic survey conducted by economist Arvind Subramanian , if you invest Rs 1 in the railways, it generates Rs 5 in the economy.

Indian Railways will remain with the government of India. No privatization of Indian Railways! On Tuesday, Railway Minister Piyush Goyal asserted that the national transporter will never be privatized. But he mentioned that private investment should be encouraged for more efficient functioning of Indian Railways.