The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human ServicesFood and Drug Administration

The German sociologist Max Weber was the first to formally study bureaucracy and his works led to the popularization of this term In his essay Bureaucracy,[1], published in his magnum opus Economy and Society, Weber described many ideal-typical forms of public administration, government, and business

In its ideal form, bureaucracy is impersonal and rational and based on rules rather than ties of kinship, friendship, or patrimonial or charismatic authority Bureaucratic organization can be found in both public and private institutions

Some examples of bureaucracy services include:

• Having mail delivered to your home
• Going to school
• Receiving Social Security benefits
• Paying income taxes
• Eating safe, non-toxic food
• Driving a car
• Breathing clean air
• Having police protection

Two types of bureaucracy: Enabling and coercive

Hierarchy of Authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality Some people say that companies like General Motors, Amazon, and Facebook are bureaucracies First of all they all have a hierarchy of authority Meaning they have different levels of employees that work there

Although the vices of bureaucracy are evident (and are discussed in the next section), this form of organization is not totally bad Bureaucracy also discourages favoritism, meaning that in a well‐run organization, friendships and political clout should have no effect on access to funding

There are five major problems with bureaucracies: red tape, conflict, duplication, imperialism, and waste

• Red tape is the existence of complex rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done
• Conflict exists when some agencies work at cross-purposes with other agencies

Advantages of Bureaucracy Division of labor: Makes work easier; leads to specialization Efficiency: Competency increases; work is efficiently performed under the supervision of immediate managers in the hierarchy

What Are the Advantages of Bureaucracy?

• Creativity thrives within a bureaucracy
• Job security is provided
• It discourages favoritism
• A bureaucracy centralizes power
• It encourages specialization
• Best practices are created
• It creates predictability
• It provides a foundation for scalability

The cabinet departments, the largest administrative units in the federal bureaucracy, have responsibility for broad areas of government operations such as foreign policy (Department of State) and law enforcement (Department of Justice)

Impersonality is an attempt by large formal organizations to protect their members Large business organizations like Walmart often situate themselves as bureaucracies This allows them to effectively and efficiently serve volumes of customers quickly and with affordable products

Bureaucracies have four key characteristics: a clear hierarchy, specialization, a division of labor, and a set of formal rules, or standard operating procedures America’s bureaucracy performs three primary functions to help the government run smoothly It implements the laws and policies made by elected officials

The federal bureaucracy performs three primary tasks in government: implementation, administration, and regulation When Congress passes a law, it sets down guidelines to carry out the new policies

A bureaucracy is a way of administratively organizing large numbers of people who need to work together Organizations in the public and private sector, including universities and governments, rely on bureaucracies to function

SYNONYMS civil service, administration, government, directorate, the establishment, the system, the powers that be, corridors of power ministries, authorities, officials, officialdom informal Big Brother 2’the unnecessary bureaucracy in local government’

Winston Churchill

a weakness of bureaucracies is that their formal structure tends to create feelings of alienation among employees for example an “outsider”

Examples of Bureaucratic Leadership

• Steve Easterbrook One of the world’s first truly iconic brands, McDonald’s didn’t become the fast-food behemoth it is today without a defined form of leadership driving it forward
• Harold Geneen
• Alfred P Sloan
• Shinji Sogō
• Winston Churchill

Advantages & Disadvantages of Bureaucratic Organizational

• Advantages of a Bureaucratic Structure
• Advantage: Accountability
• Advantage: Job Security
• Advantage: Equal Chances to Succeed
• Disadvantages of a Bureaucratic Structure
• Disadvantage: Reduced Productivity and Innovation
• Disadvantage: Poor Financial Management
• Disadvantage: Decreased Employee Morale

Bureaucratic structure provides the resource basis for governments to govern broadly speaking, and also the cement of modern political order and civilized political life (Fredrickson 2005; Fukuyama 2014; Kristof 2016; March and Olsen 2006)

The most common criticisms are that bureaucracy promotes excessive rules, regulations, and paperwork; that is fosters interagency conflict; that tasks are duplicated by various agencies; that there is too much waste and unchecked growth; and that there is a lack of accountability

Controlling the bureaucracy can be difficult for the following reasons: Size: The president cannot monitor everyone or even every group within the bureaucracy, so much of what bureaucrats do goes unmonitored Civil service laws: Firing bureaucrats, even for incompetence, is very difficult

Why do bureaucracies exist and why are they needed? Bureaucracies are created in government to carry out a broad range of tasks, to provide necessary services, and to act as experts in particular areas of policy

10 Steps to Take Action and Eliminate Bureaucracy

1. Know what you want to get done
2. Know your priorities
3. Eliminate paperwork whenever possible
4. Cut out processes
5. Empower people
6. Don’t put off decisions
7. Have the information you need ready
8. Keep “Action” at your forefront

democratic leader