Essay

W. E. B. Du Bois

…his landmark collection of essays, The Souls of Black Folk (1903), William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, a professor of sociology at Atlanta University, disputed the main principle of Washington’s political program, the idea that voting and civil rights were less important to Black progress than acquiring property and …

The Souls of Black Folk (1903), his most influential work, is a collection of fourteen beautifully written essays, by turns lyrical, historical, and autobiographical.

Washington wrote Up from Slavery over the course of many years in post-Civil War America. It not only contains articles originally published in Outlook magazine, but autobiographical anecdotes as well, which were written throughout Washington’s travels in the south.

Jan

Autobiography

Booker T. Washington, educator, reformer and the most influentional black leader of his time (1856-1915) preached a philosophy of self-help, racial solidarity and accomodation. He urged blacks to accept discrimination for the time being and concentrate on elevating themselves through hard work and material prosperity.

1901

Christina Snyder’s pathbreaking book takes a familiar setting for bondage, the American South, and places Native Americans at the center of her engrossing story.

The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. The amendment was passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the required 27 of the then 36 states on December 6, 1865, and proclaimed on December 18.

Philippines. Article 272 criminalises slavery and imposes a penalty of 6 to 12 years and a fine not exceeding 10,000 pesos on anyone who purchases, sells, or detains a human being for the purpose of slavery.

In 2017, the number of human trafficking victims for forced labor, servitude, and slavery in the Philippines amounted to only 35. Since 2007, there has been a significant drop in the number of human trafficking for forced labor, servitude, and slavery victims in the Philippines.

Modern slavery takes many forms. The most common are: Human trafficking. The use of violence, threats or coercion to transport, recruit or harbour people in order to exploit them for purposes such as forced prostitution, labour, criminality, marriage or organ removal.