Some forms of radiation, such as power lines, low-frequency microwaves and infrared waves are everyday sources of radiation, but in their low-frequency forms, they are harmless. Even your cell phone puts you at risk for low-frequency radiation exposure.
Q. What type of mutation is caused by radiation?
Since this is a random process, such effects are now called stochastic. [100] Two important stochastic effects of radiation are cancer, which results from mutations in nongerm cells (termed somatic cells), and heritable changes, which result from mutations in germ cells (eggs and sperm).
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Q. What is the limit for radiation exposure?
Regulatory Dose Limits
| Annual Radiation Dose Limits | Agency |
|---|---|
| Radiation Worker – 50 mSv | (NRC, “occupationally” exposed) |
| General Public – 1 mSv | (NRC, member of the public) |
| General Public – 0.25 mSv | (NRC, decommissioning and decontamination all pathways) |
| General Public – 0.10 mSv | (EPA, air pathway) |
Q. How do you calculate radiation exposure?
When a person is exposed to radiation, scientists can multiply the dose in rad by the quality factor for the type of radiation present and estimate a person’s biological risk in rems. Thus, risk in rem = rad X Q. The rem has been replaced by the Sv. One Sv is equal to 100 rem.
Q. What is the exposure rate?
Exposure rate is the amount of ionizing radiation per hour in a person’s vicinity (measured in milliRoentgen per hour, mR/h), whereas dose rate is the biological effect on the body from exposure to that radiation (measured in nanoSieverts per hour, nSv/h).
Q. What are the three outcomes of radiation on biological cells?
Consequently, biological effects of radiation on living cells may result in three outcomes: (1) injured or damaged cells repair themselves, resulting in no residual damage; (2) cells die, much like millions of body cells do every day, being replaced through normal biological processes; or (3) cells incorrectly repair …
Q. What are the fundamental principles of radiation safety?
General principles of radiation protection from the hazard of ionizing radiation are summarized as three key words; justification, optimization, and dose limit. Because medical exposure of radiation has unique considerations, diagnostic reference level is generally used as a reference value, instead of dose limits.
