Cell division by mitosis occurs in all human body cells except the gonads (sex cells). During mitosis, the DNA is exactly copied and a new daughter cell created with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, ie 46.

two daughter cells

Mitosis creates two identical daughter cells that each contain the same number of chromosomes as their parent cell. In contrast, meiosis gives rise to four unique daughter cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

four daughter cells

Answer: So naturally organisms/cells capable of producing offspring are also given a feminine trait. The parent cell is often called the mother cell, and the daughter cells are so named because they eventually become mother cell themselves.

In terms of DNA content, or the amount of DNA, the daughter cells are identical to the parent. In organisms, mitosis is a way to produce two daughter cells that will have different functions or become different cell types. In either case, the daughter cells still have the same amount of DNA as the parent cell.

Mitosis produces new cells, and replaces cells that are old, lost or damaged. In mitosis a cell divides to form two identical daughter cells.

Daughter cells are normally smaller than mother cells and can be easily distinguished and removed from their progenitors by micromanipulation (Mortimer, 1959).

The cytoplasm of the mother cell divides to form two daughter cells, each containing the same number and kind of chromosomes as the mother cell. The stage, or phase, after the completion of mitosis is called interphase.

More evidence comes from the observation that daughter cells complete mitosis at a significantly smaller size in poor nutrients than in rich nutrients (Johnston et al., 1977). This suggests the existence of a checkpoint that operates after G1, during bud growth, to control the size at which daughter cells are born.

Mutations are irreversible and are passed on to the daughter cells during mitosis. Mutations in suppressor genes can result in cells dividing uncontrollably. For example most human tumour cells have a defective p53 gene – one of the most important tumour suppressor genes.

Cell size is limited by a cell’s surface area to volume ratio. A smaller cell is more effective and transporting materials, including waste products, than a larger cell. Cells come in many different shapes. A cell’s function is determined, in part, by its shape.

The largest cell is an ostrich egg, it is about 15cm to 18 cm long and wide.

xylem cells

When it comes to Acetabularia, it is one of the largest plant cells. It is significant to know that it is the genus of extremely green algae mostly found in the subwaters. Acetabularia is also called mermaid wine glass. It also resembles the completely round leaves of the nasturtium and it 0.5 to 10 cm tall.