Loading types Cortical bone is stronger and stiffer in compression than tension; under longitudinal loads than transverse or shear loads; and under higher strain rates than lower strain rates[95,101,104,114,198,203-205].

bones are weakest in resisting what kind of stress? tensile and compressive stress. load acts about long axis (at each end).

compressive stress

Lack of mechanical stress causes bones to lose mineral salts and collagen fibers, and thus strength. Similarly, mechanical stress stimulates the deposition of mineral salts and collagen fibers.

Bones are stronger in resisting compression than in resisting tension and shear forces because when the forces in compression are going with the grain it is building its strength. With compression it allows the force to be absorbed.

Here are 10 natural ways to build healthy bones.

1. Eat Lots of Vegetables.
2. Perform Strength Training and Weight-Bearing Exercises.
3. Consume Enough Protein.
4. Eat High-Calcium Foods Throughout the Day.
5. Get Plenty of Vitamin D and Vitamin K.
6. Avoid Very Low-Calorie Diets.
7. Consider Taking a Collagen Supplement.

It is generally accepted that bone strength is greater in compression than in tension whereas there is no substantial evidence that bone stiffness in compression is different from that in tension.

OSTEOBLASTS are the cells that form new bone. They also come from the bone marrow and are related to structural cells. They have only one nucleus.

There are three types of cells that contribute to bone homeostasis. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cell, osteoclasts resorb or break down bone, and osteocytes are mature bone cells.

Bone is a mineralized connective tissue that exhibits four types of cells: osteoblasts, bone lining cells, osteocytes, and osteoclasts [1, 2].

The osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, and osteoprogenitor bone cells are responsible for the growing, shaping, and maintenance of bones. Bone consists of four types of cells: osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and osteoprogenitor (or osteogenic) cells.

Bone cells work in harmony to maintain a balance between bone formation and resorption, ultimately to control bone structure and function. Osteoblasts are cells, which contribute to deposition of organic components of bone extracellular matrix.

Osteoblasts, the cells that rebuild bone, are derived from mesenchymal stem cells. These stem cells are found in bone marrow, deep inside the bone. They transform into osteoblasts and migrate to the outer bone, where they create new bone tissue.

Summary. Bone density develops throughout a person’s early life, peaking when they are in their late 20s. To support healthy bone density, it is important to consume plenty of calcium, vitamin D, protein, and vegetables. It is also important to avoid smoking and excessive drinking.

Bones do repair themselves to some extent. But they can’t regenerate or replace themselves fully for the same reason that we can’t grow ourselves a new lung or an extra eye. Although the DNA to build a complete copy of the entire body is present in every cell with a nucleus, not all of that DNA is active.

Kuwahara and her colleagues looked at the mammalian rib bone, which regenerates uncommonly well. In fact, orthopaedic surgeons have noted that missing sections of the rib as long as eight inches will readily grow back in patients.

Bone Remodeling The body’s skeleton forms and grows to its adult size in a process called modeling. It then completely regenerates — or remodels — itself about every 10 years. Remodeling removes old pieces of bone and replaces them with new, fresh bone tissue.

How Long Does Bone Healing Take? Bone generally takes six to 12 weeks to heal to a significant degree. In general, children’s bones heal faster than those of adults.

Iron helps your body make collagen to rebuild bone. It also plays a part in getting oxygen into your bones to help them heal. Good sources: Red meat, dark-meat chicken or turkey, oily fish, eggs, dried fruits, leafy green veggies, whole-grain breads, and fortified cereals.

There are four stages in the repair of a broken bone: 1) the formation of hematoma at the break, 2) the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus, 3) the formation of a bony callus, and 4) remodeling and addition of compact bone.

There is no evidence that a broken bone will grow back stronger than it was before once it has healed. Although there may be a brief time when the fracture site is stronger, this is fleeting, and healed bones are capable of breaking again anywhere, including at the previous fracture site.

Because of the disruption of blood flow to the bone, some bone cells around the fracture die. This inflammatory stage ends approximately one week after the fracture. The repairing or reparative phase begins within the first few days after the bone fracture and lasts for about 2 – 3 weeks.

Here’s a look at some of the bones that hurt the most to break:

• 1) Femur. The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body.
• 2) Tailbone. You could probably imagine that this injury is highly painful.
• 3) Ribs. Breaking your ribs can be terribly distressing and quite painful.
• 4) Clavicle.

But, the rest of the bone surrounding the break site actually demineralizes because of inactivity (since you’re probably in a cast). So the bone overall weakens during the healing process.