Melanesia

Melanesia includes the islands from Papua New Guinea to Fiji. Micronesia includes small islands located north of Melanesia. Polynesia includes island groups from the Hawaiian Islands to the Pitcairn Islands. Micronesia consists mainly of low islands, while Polynesia consists of many high islands, such as Hawaii.

The region is generally defined by a triangle stretching from Hawaii in the north, to Easter Island in the east and New Zealand in the west. The main groups of Polynesian islands include the Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, and various others.

• Fiji.
• New Caledonia.
• Papua New Guinea.
• Solomon Islands.
• Vanuatu.

The six countries in Polynesia are:

• New Zealand.
• Solomon Islands.
• Tonga.
• Tuvalu.
• Vanuatu.
• Samoa.

Polynesians form an ethnolinguistic group of closely related people who are native to Polynesia (islands in the Polynesian Triangle), an expansive region of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean.

Pacific Islanders are officially specified to be Native Hawaiians, Samoans, Guamanians, Chamorro, Fijian, Tongan, or Marshallese peoples, as well as people of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. A strict definition, none of which includes the Philippines or Filipinos.

Once the Treaty of Manila took effect, the Philippines, in possession of all these qualifications, became an independent nation and a sovereign state.

A world in which every nation has become a state, that is, a world in which cultural and political units coincide, would be a very different world from the one we know. The claim that cultural nations must become political states thus presumes strongly on present-day reality and has deep implications for the future.

According to the declarative theory of statehood, a sovereign state can exist without being recognised by other sovereign states. Unrecognised states will often find it difficult to exercise full treaty-making powers or engage in diplomatic relations with other sovereign states.

The modern nation-state of Iraq was created following World War I (1914–18) from the Ottoman provinces of Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul and derives its name from the Arabic term used in the premodern period to describe a region that roughly corresponded to Mesopotamia (ʿIrāq ʿArabī, “Arabian Iraq”) and modern northwestern …

Most Kurds are Sunni Muslims, and among them are many who practice Sufism and other mystical sects. Despite their long-standing occupation of a particular region of the world, the Kurds never achieved nation-state status.