Waterlogging occurs when there is too much water in a plant’s root zone, which decreases the oxygen available to roots. Waterlogging can be a major constraint to plant growth and production and, under certain conditions, will cause plant death.

Waterlogging is the saturation of soil with water. Soil may be regarded as waterlogged when it is nearly saturated with water much of the time such that its air phase is restricted and anaerobic conditions prevail. In agriculture, various crops need air (specifically, oxygen) to a greater or lesser depth in the soil.

Soils become waterlogged when water is unable to drain away. This leaves no air spaces in the saturated soil, and plant roots literally drown. Waterlogging is common on naturally poorly drained soils or when heavy soils are compacted.

Waterlogging occurs when the soil profile or the root zone of a plant becomes saturated. In rain-fed situations, this happens when more rain falls than the soil can absorb or the atmosphere can evaporate. Figure 1: Waterlogging in a crop grown on a duplex soil in late winter, near Carrick.

Controlling loss of water by seepage from the canals : This includes lowering the F.S.L of the canal. By lining the canal with suitable impervious material. By using irrigation water economically and keeping the intensity of irrigation flow.

What is another word for waterlogged?

Prolonged water logging will result in the death of the plants. It is because the roots when introduced in excess water condition, cannot absorb required oxygen. It will also cause the death and decay of plant due to the excess inflow of water into the cells.

Signs your plants have been damaged by waterlogged soil include:

1. Stunting.
2. Yellowing leaves.
3. Twisting leaves.
4. Dropping leaves.
5. Soft, spongy areas at the base of the leaf.
6. Wilting despite plenty of water.
7. Roots turning dark, often with a rotting odor.
8. Lack of flowers or fruits.

The excess water inhibits gaseous exchange with the atmosphere, and biological activity uses up available oxygen in the soil air and water – also called anaerobiosis, anoxia or oxygen deficiency. Soils don’t have to be saturated (waterlogged) for gas exchange to be inhibited.

A land plant may die if its roots remain water logged for a long time because too much water expels all the air from in-between the soil particles. Under these conditions the roots will respire anaerobically producing alcohol which may kill the plant.

When this happens, roots cannot absorb sufficient water and nutrients to the plant, causing yellow or brown leaves, plant stress and a reduced life span of the plant. Roots are denied sufficient air when the soil does not allow for air. The two main causes of this are over-watering and soil decay.

A land plant may die if its roots remain water logged for a long time because too much water expels all the air from in-between the soil particles. Due to this, oxygen is not available to the roots for aerobic respiration.

Land plants evolved from ocean plants. That is, from algae. Plants are thought to have made the leap from the oceans onto dry land about 450 million years ago. A single plant can produce thousands or millions of spores at once.

Thus, growth, differentiation and development are very closely related events in the life of a plant. One group of PGRs are involved in growth promoting activities, such as cell division, cell enlargement, pattern formation, tropic growth, flowering, fruiting and seed formation.

The three phases of cell growth are cell division, cell enlargement and cell differentiation. The first two stages increase the size of the plant cell while the 3rd stage brings maturity to the cells.

Basic Facts

• The average plant goes through four stages: seed, sprout, seedling, adult plant.
• Seed. Through pollination (pollen reaches the stigma) and ferilization (the pollen and stigma join), a seed is formed.
• Sprout. The next stage, the sprout, is when the shoot reaches the surface.
• Seedling.
• Adult Plant.

Plants have two distinct stages in their lifecycle: the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage.

Plants have a life cycle, just like humans and other animals. The life cycle of a plant describes the different stages of the plant from the beginning of its life until the end, which is from seed to mature plant. Some plants such as fern or mosses produce different kinds of cells called “Spores”.

All plants have a life cycle with alternation of generations. Plants alternate between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte generations, and between sexual reproduction with gametes and asexual reproduction with spores.