Urbanization creates enormous social, economic and environmental changes, which provide an opportunity for sustainability with the “potential to use resources more efficiently, to create more sustainable land use and to protect the biodiversity of natural ecosystems.”

Urbanization also affects the broader regional environments. Regions downwind from large industrial complexes also see increases in the amount of precipitation, air pollution, and the number of days with thunderstorms. Urban areas affect not only the weather patterns, but also the runoff patterns for water.

Air Pollution in Urbanized Areas Due to a vast number of people in these urbanized cities, the air pollution is known to be very extreme. These conditions can lead to many different health problems such as: Asthma, cardiovascular problems or disease, and different types of cancer (most commonly lung cancer).

In a nutshell, cities facilitate a higher quality matching between jobs and workers’ skills, better specialisation, higher levels of human capital, and knowledge.

For the many poor in developing countries, cities embody the hope for a better and more prosperous life. The inflow of poor rural residents into cities has created hubs of urban poverty. The strong positive correlation between the degree of urbanization of a country and its per-capita income has long been recognized.

That is, the change in the urbanization index is a suffi cient statistic for the gains from trade. The relationship between the gains from trade and urbanization is also intuitive. As trading opportunities increase, people move closer to their trading place to reap the benefits from increased trade.

Urbanization is a common phenomenon in human kind. This is often related to a population growth. Both of them have an essential effect on the population distribution. The growth of urbanization results in the development of the world economy, and contributes the emerging level of industrialization.

The problems associated with urbanization are: High population density, inadequate infrastructure, lack of affordable housing, flooding, pollution, slum creation, crime, congestion and poverty. This problem of high population density is caused due to the heavy rate of migration from rural areas.

Urbanization is generally associated with higher income and productivity. In fact, it can be an important driver of productivity increases and growth. Urban areas offer positive agglomeration effects including larger, more efficient labor markets, lower transaction costs, and easier knowledge spillovers.

Urbanization directly affects rural poverty, as it generates new opportunities for rural workers, who shift out of agriculture and into more remunerative, non-farm activities in the city. Furthermore, the migration of agriculture workers into the city reduces the rural labor supply, thereby increasing rural wages.

When properly planned and managed, urbanization can reduce poverty and inequality by improving employment opportunities and quality of life, including through better education and health.

This reflects the processes of population urbanization. Faster urbanization of the population has generally been associated with more rapid poverty reduction in the developing world, although urbanization processes have been more pro-poor in some countries than others.

Poverty has negative impacts on children’s health, social, emotional and cognitive development, behaviour and educational outcomes. Children born into poverty are more likely to experience a wide range of health problems, including poor nutrition, chronic disease and mental health problems.

Poverty is linked with negative conditions such as substandard housing, homelessness, inadequate nutrition and food insecurity, inadequate child care, lack of access to health care, unsafe neighborhoods, and underresourced schools which adversely impact our nation’s children.

Poverty takes a toll on poor children’s development. For example, poverty causes malnutrition which would affect the development of a child’s mental thinking and healthy body. Poverty, being a difficult-to-end cycle, will only make the poor even poorer.

Poverty has far reaching consequences on the society. For example, poverty causes malnutrition which would affect the development of a child’s mental thinking and healthy body. Poverty may also lead to political instability and lead to increased risk of war, mass emigration of population and terrorism.

Health Issues Health is perhaps the one area where poor people suffer the most. For instance, a disproportionately large percentage of diseases in low-income countries are caused by the consequences of poverty such as poor nutrition, indoor air pollution and lack of access to proper sanitation and health education.

Poor people are more likely to have several kinds of family problems, including divorce and family conflict. Poor people are more likely to have several kinds of health problems. Children growing up in poverty are less likely to graduate high school or go to college, and they are more likely to commit street crime.

Poverty in adulthood is linked to depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, psychological distress, and suicide. Poverty affects mental health through an array of social and biological mechanisms acting at multiple levels, including individuals, families, local communities, and nations.

Studies have already shown that poorer people have elevated levels of stress, and it is also widely known that stress is linked to depression. Depression, which causes absenteeism and lower levels of productivity, costs the U.S. and U.K. up to one percent of their GDP each year.

Nearly all the potential effects of poverty impact the lives of children—poor infrastructure, unemployment, malnutrition, domestic violence, child labor, and disease.

What are the causes of poverty? Explain in at least 5 points

1. Increase rate of rising population:
2. Less productivity in agriculture:
3. Less utilization of resources:
4. A short rate of economic development:
5. Increasing price rise:
6. Unemployment:
7. Shortage of capital and able entrepreneurship:
8. Social factors:

Culture is back on the poverty agenda. Lewis argued that sustained poverty generated a set of cultural attitudes, beliefs, values, and practices, and that this culture of poverty would tend to perpetuate itself over time, even if the economic conditions that originally gave rise to it were to change.