Prejudice. A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members., An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.

When shown images of threatening faces, the aggressive boys had, compared with controls, greater activity in the amygdala, part of the brain that has been linked to fear, and lower activity in the prefrontal cortex, part of the brain involved in reasoning and decision making.

It includes the amygdala, the hypothalamus, and the hippocampus. The amygdala consists of two “almond-shaped” clusters (amygdala comes from the Latin word for “almond”) and is primarily responsible for regulating our perceptions of, and reactions to, aggression and fear.

The root is the central trunk of a cladogram that indicates the ancestor common to all groups branching from it. A cladogram uses branching lines that end in a clade, which is a group of organisms sharing a common hypothetical ancestor. The points where the lines intersect are the common ancestors and are called nodes.

1. Step 1: Pick Organisms for Your Cladogram.
2. Step 2: Pick One Ancestral and One Derived Characteristic to Designate the Outgroup.
3. Step 3: Pick Derived Characteristics for the Ingroup (Part 1)
4. Step 4: Pick Derived Characteristics for the Ingroup (Part 2)
5. Step 5: Pick Derived Characteristics for the Ingroup (Summary)

A cladogram (from Greek clados “branch” and gramma “character”) is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.

What is a cladogram? It is a diagram that depicts evolutionary relationships among groups. It is based on PHYLOGENY, which is the study of evolutionary relationships. Sometimes a cladogram is called a phylogenetic tree (though technically, there are minor differences between the two).

Related organisms on a cladogram are organized by using lines to connect each other based off of the traits that are shared in the organisms.

Similarities between organisms which do share a common ancestor are called homologous characters.