Protein synthesis is the process all cells use to make proteins, which are responsible for all cell structure and function. There are two main steps to protein synthesis. In transcription, DNA is copied to mRNA, which is used as a template for the instructions to make protein.

The 5′ end of a tRNA is phosphorylated. The 5′ terminal residue is usually pG. 5.

DNA is housed within the nucleus, and protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm, thus there must be some sort of intermediate messenger that leaves the nucleus and manages protein synthesis.

Nonsense suppression occurs when a stop (or nonsense) codon of mRNA (UAA, UAG or UGA) is decoded by the translation machinery as an amino acid, rather than eliciting termination of protein synthesis.

1. Increase Muscle Growth. One of the most popular uses of BCAAs is to increase muscle growth. The BCAA leucine activates a certain pathway in the body that stimulates muscle protein synthesis, which is the process of making muscle ( 1 , 2 ).

The following are the medications that are protein synthesis inhibitors.

• Aminoglycosides.
• Tetracycline and glycylcycline.
• Oxazolidinones.
• Amphenicols and pleuromutilins.
• Macrolides and ketolides.
• Lincosamides.
• Streptogramins.

This drug acts to inhibit bacterial protein and DNA synthesis. Puromycin is an antibiotic that prevents bacterial protein translation….Protein Synthesis Inhibitors.

A protein synthesis inhibitor is a substance that stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins. It usually refers to substances, such as antimicrobial drugs, that act at the ribosome level.

Without ribosomes to produce proteins, cells simply wouldn’t be able to function properly. They would not be able to repair cellular damage, create hormones, maintain cellular structure, proceed with cell division or pass on genetic information via reproduction.

Abstract. Penicillins have been shown to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, and interact with penicillin binding proteins, leading to bacterial lysis.

Puromycin is a naturally occurring aminonucleoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome-catalyzed incorporation into the C-terminus of elongating nascent chains, blocking further extension and resulting in premature termination of translation.

coli strains transformed with plasmids carrying the pac gene. Puromycin is poorly active on E. coli but is particularly useful in experiments conducted with mammalian cells.

Titrating puromycin Optimum effectiveness should be reached in 1-4 days. The minimum antibiotic concentration to use is the lowest concentration that kills 100% of the cells in 3-5 days from the start of puromycin selection.

Cycloheximide is a naturally occurring fungicide produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Cycloheximide exerts its effects by interfering with the translocation step in protein synthesis (movement of two tRNA molecules and mRNA in relation to the ribosome), thus blocking eukaryotic translational elongation.

For all practical purpose that you indicated, a range between 5-15 microgram/ml is predicted to inhibit protein synthesis. Because the stability of CHX decreases above pH 7.0, one needs to make sure that the pH of the cell culture medium stays below 7.0.

Among the known inhibitors of eukaryotic translation is cycloheximide (CHX, 1), the most common laboratory reagent used to inhibit protein synthesis (Fig. 1). CHX has been shown to block the elongation phase of eukaryotic translation. It binds the ribosome and inhibits eEF2-mediated translocation2.