Minimum wages are the set minimum amount that employers are expected to pay employees. Minimum wage laws make it illegal for employers to pay employees below the set minimum. The purpose or objective of minimum wage laws is to ensure that the compensation employees receive can afford them a decent life.

Collective bargaining power gives rights to the workers to put their demands in front of employer in a better way. Collective bargaining increases the power of bargaining of workers. If the workers and employers have agreed on a collective bargaining on mandatory subjects then it is unfair for the employer to refuse.

The answer would be A – the existence of union. The collective bargaining power of union puts specialists on a more equivalent level with managers.

The purpose of the minimum wage was to stabilize the post-depression economy and protect the workers in the labor force. The minimum wage was designed to create a minimum standard of living to protect the health and well-being of employees.

Which best explains the effect of immigration on the labor market? Immigration increases the supply of labor. Outsourcing increases the domestic supply of workers, driving down the price of labor.

Unemployed workers are the group most likely to be affected by the presence of immigrants in their local labor markets, as they are actively competing for jobs. Fromentin (2012), using aggregated panel data for OECD countries, finds that immigration increases short- term unemployment but reduces long-term unemployment.

The exposure of refugees and migrants to the risks associated with population movements – psychosocial disorders, reproductive health problems, higher newborn mortality, drug abuse, nutrition disorders, alcoholism and exposure to violence – increase their vulnerability to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).

First, immigration increases the labor force, enlarging the economy. Although they make up only 16 percent of U.S. workforce, these immigrants account for a much larger share of its growth. Just over half of the increase in the U.S. labor force between 1996 and 2010 was the result of immigration—legal and illegal.

In fact, immigrants contribute to the U.S. economy in many ways. They work at high rates and make up more than a third of the workforce in some industries. Their geographic mobility helps local economies respond to worker shortages, smoothing out bumps that could otherwise weaken the economy.

The economic impact of migration flows through into every aspect of the economy. It has a profound positive impact not just on population growth, but also on labour participation and employment, on wages and incomes, on our national skills base and on net productivity.

Immigrants have a higher self-employment rate than natives and they have started several high-tech companies (Fairlie 2013). In this role, immigrants may generate local employment opportunities for natives, further increasing demand for native workers that would offset any increase in labor supply.

Some studies have shown substantial negative wage effects, particularly among African American workers and natives in occupations with large shares of Latino immigrants; other studies suggest that complementarities between high-skilled immigrants and similarly skilled natives, as well as between low-skilled immigrants …

IRS estimates that about 6 million unauthorized immigrants file individual income tax returns each year. Research reviewed by the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office indicates that between 50 percent and 75 percent of unauthorized immigrants pay federal, state, and local taxes.

A number of studies have examined whether immigration leads to higher unemployment or inactivity among existing workers, and most have found either small effects or no effect. First, that immigration has little or no impact on average employment or unemployment of existing workers.

Economic Consequences: (i) A major benefit for the source region is the remittance sent by migrants. (ii) Remittances from the international migrants are one of the major sources of foreign exchange. (iii) Besides this, unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has caused overcrowding.

By 2050, GDP per capita would be 3% higher if immigration is increased by 50% than if immigration stayed the same as it is now. And it would lead to employment growth and an improvement to the old-age dependency ratio.

There is a causal positive relationship between migration and international trade. A 10% increase in the stock of immigrants can boost trade by an estimated 1.5% on average. Almost no studies have found a negative impact. Rich data with better and more immigration data than past studies yield similar results.